[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":929},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:wood-pellet":45,"glossary-related:wood-pellet":176},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":51,"category":157,"description":158,"extension":159,"meta":160,"navigation":161,"path":162,"relatedTerms":163,"seo":167,"sources":170,"stem":174,"term":47,"__hash__":175},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fwood-pellet.md","Wood pellet",[49,50],"wood pellets","industrial wood pellet",{"type":52,"value":53,"toc":150},"minimark",[54,62,67,81,97,109,113,121,125],[55,56,57,61],"p",{},[58,59,60],"strong",{},"Wood pellets"," are densified biomass-fuel pellets, typically 6–10 mm in diameter and 10–40 mm long, manufactured by milling and pressing wood residues without binder. Industrial wood pellets are the dominant biomass fuel for utility-scale co-firing and for dedicated biomass conversions of former coal-fired power stations (Drax Power Station in the UK is the largest example).",[63,64,66],"h2",{"id":65},"pellet-silo-bridging","Pellet-silo bridging",[55,68,69,70,75,76,80],{},"Wood-pellet storage silos at biomass power plants are notoriously prone to ",[71,72,74],"a",{"href":73},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbridging","bridging"," and ",[71,77,79],{"href":78},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frat-holing","rat-holing",":",[82,83,84,88,91,94],"ul",{},[85,86,87],"li",{},"Pellets self-heat in storage, releasing volatile organics that bind adjacent pellets",[85,89,90],{},"Mechanical compression in tall silos breaks pellets into fines that consolidate",[85,92,93],{},"Moisture absorption from atmospheric humidity worsens cohesion",[85,95,96],{},"Self-ignition is a documented fire hazard requiring inertisation",[55,98,99,103,104,108],{},[71,100,102],{"href":101},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," at silo discharge points provide continuous flow promotion without the mechanical impact of ",[71,105,107],{"href":106},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-cannon-air-blaster","air cannons",", which is particularly valuable on tall silos where structural stress matters.",[63,110,112],{"id":111},"fouling","Fouling",[55,114,115,116,120],{},"Wood-pellet combustion produces moderate alkali ash typical of ",[71,117,119],{"href":118},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","biomass"," operation — slagging on the radiant section, fouling on the convective pass. Less chlorinated than waste-derived fuels.",[63,122,124],{"id":123},"related-terms","Related terms",[82,126,127,133,138,144],{},[85,128,129],{},[71,130,132],{"href":131},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","Silo",[85,134,135],{},[71,136,137],{"href":73},"Bridging",[85,139,140],{},[71,141,143],{"href":142},"\u002Fglossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash","Alkali metals in ash",[85,145,146],{},[71,147,149],{"href":148},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler","Boiler",{"title":151,"searchDepth":152,"depth":152,"links":153},"",2,[154,155,156],{"id":65,"depth":152,"text":66},{"id":111,"depth":152,"text":112},{"id":123,"depth":152,"text":124},"wte-biomass","Wood pellets are densified biomass-fuel pellets, typically 6–10 mm in diameter and 10–40 mm long, manufactured by milling and pressing wood residues without binder. Industrial wood pellets are the dominant biomass fuel for utility-scale co-firing and for dedicated biomass conversions of former coal-fired power stations (Drax Power Station in the UK is the largest example).","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwood-pellet",[164,74,165,166],"silo","alkali-metals-in-ash","boiler",{"title":168,"description":169},"Wood pellet — densified biomass fuel for industrial and utility boilers","Industrial wood pellets are densified biomass fuel pellets, typically 6–10 mm, used for co-firing and dedicated biomass utility boilers. Pellet silos are prone to bridging.",[171],{"title":172,"url":173},"Wikipedia — Pellet fuel","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPellet_fuel","glossary\u002Fwood-pellet","X0xyBQZMMwOam44jk_GBqhs0rGeiYd0WLTKlIwbvNbw",[177,289,494,692],{"id":178,"title":132,"aliases":179,"body":182,"category":273,"description":274,"extension":159,"meta":275,"navigation":161,"path":131,"relatedTerms":276,"seo":280,"sources":283,"stem":287,"term":132,"__hash__":288},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo.md",[180,181],"silos","storage silo",{"type":52,"value":183,"toc":268},[184,193,197,206,210,215,224,238,240],[55,185,186,187,189,190,192],{},"A ",[58,188,164],{}," is a large vertical vessel for storing bulk solids — cement, fly ash, lime, ",[71,191,119],{"href":118}," pellets, fertilizer granules, food powders, mining concentrate. Silos range from a few cubic metres to tens of thousands of cubic metres and are typically cylindrical with a conical discharge bottom feeding into a single outlet or a cluster of outlets.",[63,194,196],{"id":195},"why-silos-bridge","Why silos bridge",[55,198,199,200,202,203,205],{},"Most bulk solids show some degree of cohesion. Under the gravitational load of metres of stored material, the cohesive bond is enough to form a stable arch above the discharge outlet (",[71,201,74],{"href":73},") or a narrow flow channel surrounded by a hardened mass (",[71,204,79],{"href":78},"). The longer material sits in the silo, the more it consolidates and the harder it is to restart flow.",[63,207,209],{"id":208},"sonic-horns-as-flow-aids","Sonic horns as flow aids",[55,211,212,214],{},[71,213,102],{"href":101}," installed at the silo discharge cone provide continuous low-amplitude vibration that prevents cohesive structures from forming. A single horn typically covers the discharge cone and the lower 2–5 metres of the silo wall. Multiple horns address larger silos or persistent rat-holing zones.",[55,216,217,218,75,220,80],{},"Compared with ",[71,219,107],{"href":106},[71,221,223],{"href":222},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbin-vibrator","bin vibrators",[82,225,226,229,232,235],{},[85,227,228],{},"No structural impact on the silo",[85,230,231],{},"No discrete blast moments that introduce air pockets into the discharge",[85,233,234],{},"Lower total air consumption per unit cleaning effort",[85,236,237],{},"Single mounting versus arrays of cannons",[63,239,124],{"id":123},[82,241,242,248,254,258,263],{},[85,243,244],{},[71,245,247],{"href":246},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","Hopper",[85,249,250],{},[71,251,253],{"href":252},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbunker-coal-bunker","Bunker \u002F coal bunker",[85,255,256],{},[71,257,137],{"href":73},[85,259,260],{},[71,261,262],{"href":78},"Rat-holing",[85,264,265],{},[71,266,267],{"href":101},"Sonic horn",{"title":151,"searchDepth":152,"depth":152,"links":269},[270,271,272],{"id":195,"depth":152,"text":196},{"id":208,"depth":152,"text":209},{"id":123,"depth":152,"text":124},"hoppers-silos","A silo is a large vertical vessel for storing bulk solids — cement, fly ash, lime, biomass pellets, fertilizer granules, food powders, mining concentrate. Silos range from a few cubic metres to tens of thousands of cubic metres and are typically cylindrical with a conical discharge bottom feeding into a single outlet or a cluster of outlets.",{},[277,278,74,79,279],"hopper","bunker-coal-bunker","sonic-horn",{"title":281,"description":282},"Silo — large vertical storage vessel for bulk solids","A silo is a large vertical bulk-solids storage vessel. Cement, fly-ash, lime, biomass, fertilizer and food-powder silos all bridge and rat-hole; sonic horns are the leading flow aid.",[284],{"title":285,"url":286},"Wikipedia — Silo","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilo","glossary\u002Fsilo","h1FnwqisFv53zNO36e7ZXskU_lfE0pCFuFSmOPzPKJ0",{"id":290,"title":137,"aliases":291,"body":296,"category":273,"description":477,"extension":159,"meta":478,"navigation":161,"path":73,"relatedTerms":479,"seo":481,"sources":484,"stem":491,"term":492,"__hash__":493},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbridging.md",[292,293,294,295],"arching","arch formation","hopper bridging","silo bridging",{"type":52,"value":297,"toc":471},[298,315,319,322,344,348,362,366,445,447],[55,299,300,302,303,306,307,309,310,306,312,314],{},[58,301,137],{}," (also ",[304,305,292],"em",{}," or ",[304,308,293],{},") is the formation of a stable mechanical arch of bulk-solid material above the discharge outlet of a ",[71,311,277],{"href":246},[71,313,164],{"href":131},". Once a bridge forms, no material flows out of the outlet even though the vessel above is full. Bridging is the universal failure mode of bulk-solids storage.",[63,316,318],{"id":317},"how-a-bridge-forms","How a bridge forms",[55,320,321],{},"Cohesive forces between particles — moisture films, electrostatic charge, chemical bonding — combine with the converging-flow geometry to lock particles into an arch shape. The arch is self-supporting against the load above. Cohesion increases with:",[82,323,324,332,335,338,341],{},[85,325,326,327,331],{},"Fine particle size (especially Geldart-C powders — see ",[71,328,330],{"href":329},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fgeldart-classification","Geldart classification",")",[85,333,334],{},"Moisture",[85,336,337],{},"Hygroscopic chemistry (urea, ammonium nitrate, lime)",[85,339,340],{},"Long residence time (consolidation under sustained load)",[85,342,343],{},"Temperature cycling",[63,345,347],{"id":346},"diagnosing-a-bridge","Diagnosing a bridge",[82,349,350,353,356,359],{},[85,351,352],{},"Outlet flow stops while the level above remains high",[85,354,355],{},"Mass-flow indicators report no movement",[85,357,358],{},"A simple tap on the hopper outside the discharge cone produces a hollow sound",[85,360,361],{},"Borescope inspection from the inlet shows the arch directly",[63,363,365],{"id":364},"remedies","Remedies",[367,368,369,382],"table",{},[370,371,372],"thead",{},[373,374,375,379],"tr",{},[376,377,378],"th",{},"Technique",[376,380,381],{},"Notes",[383,384,385,395,405,415,426,437],"tbody",{},[373,386,387,392],{},[388,389,390],"td",{},[71,391,267],{"href":101},[388,393,394],{},"Continuous prevention; non-contact; minimal infrastructure",[373,396,397,402],{},[388,398,399],{},[71,400,401],{"href":106},"Air cannon",[388,403,404],{},"High-intensity periodic; effective on hard bridges; structural stress",[373,406,407,412],{},[388,408,409],{},[71,410,411],{"href":222},"Bin vibrator",[388,413,414],{},"Continuous vibration; can compact powder further if poorly sized",[373,416,417,423],{},[388,418,419],{},[71,420,422],{"href":421},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhip-hammer","Whip hammer",[388,424,425],{},"Manual; legacy; HSE concerns",[373,427,428,434],{},[388,429,430],{},[71,431,433],{"href":432},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffluidisation-pad-aeration-pad","Fluidisation pad",[388,435,436],{},"Aerates the lower vessel; not suitable for wet material",[373,438,439,442],{},[388,440,441],{},"Mechanical screw extractor",[388,443,444],{},"Bypasses the bridge entirely; high capex",[63,446,124],{"id":123},[82,448,449,453,457,461,467],{},[85,450,451],{},[71,452,247],{"href":246},[85,454,455],{},[71,456,132],{"href":131},[85,458,459],{},[71,460,262],{"href":78},[85,462,463],{},[71,464,466],{"href":465},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fmass-flow-vs-funnel-flow","Mass flow vs funnel flow",[85,468,469],{},[71,470,267],{"href":101},{"title":151,"searchDepth":152,"depth":152,"links":472},[473,474,475,476],{"id":317,"depth":152,"text":318},{"id":346,"depth":152,"text":347},{"id":364,"depth":152,"text":365},{"id":123,"depth":152,"text":124},"Bridging (also arching or arch formation) is the formation of a stable mechanical arch of bulk-solid material above the discharge outlet of a hopper or silo. Once a bridge forms, no material flows out of the outlet even though the vessel above is full. Bridging is the universal failure mode of bulk-solids storage.",{},[277,164,79,480,279],"mass-flow-vs-funnel-flow",{"title":482,"description":483},"Bridging — stable arch above the discharge of a hopper or silo","Bridging (also arching) is the formation of a stable arch of bulk solids above the discharge outlet of a hopper or silo, stopping material flow. The universal failure mode of bulk-solids storage.",[485,488],{"title":486,"url":487},"Powder & Bulk Solids — Preventing Rat-Holing and Bridging in Powder Silos","https:\u002F\u002Fsgsystemsglobal.com\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo-rat-holing-and-bridging\u002F",{"title":489,"url":490},"Accendo Reliability — Bridging in Silos and Hoppers","https:\u002F\u002Faccendoreliability.com\u002Fbridging-silos-hoppers\u002F","glossary\u002Fbridging","Bridging (bulk-solids)","qG-iJwvR3z5_NliCxfeui3lEL9wxjVY3kU3rO9JWn8g",{"id":495,"title":143,"aliases":496,"body":500,"category":157,"description":675,"extension":159,"meta":676,"navigation":161,"path":142,"relatedTerms":677,"seo":683,"sources":686,"stem":690,"term":143,"__hash__":691},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash.md",[497,498,499],"sodium in ash","potassium in ash","alkali loading",{"type":52,"value":501,"toc":669},[502,512,516,591,595,631,635,641,643],[55,503,504,507,508,511],{},[58,505,506],{},"Alkali metals"," — primarily sodium (Na) and potassium (K) — are the dominant drivers of low-melting fouling in biomass, ",[71,509,510],{"href":118},"waste-to-energy"," and certain coal boilers. Alkali compounds (KCl, NaCl, K₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄) melt or soften at temperatures (650–900 °C) lower than typical convective-pass tube-metal temperatures, so they arrive at the tube surface partly molten and bond tenaciously.",[63,513,515],{"id":514},"where-alkali-concentration-is-high","Where alkali concentration is high",[367,517,518,528],{},[370,519,520],{},[373,521,522,525],{},[376,523,524],{},"Fuel",[376,526,527],{},"Approximate alkali-in-ash range",[383,529,530,538,550,562,573,583],{},[373,531,532,535],{},[388,533,534],{},"Wood (clean stems)",[388,536,537],{},"Low (1–5%)",[373,539,540,547],{},[388,541,542,543],{},"Bark, ",[71,544,546],{"href":545},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel","hog fuel",[388,548,549],{},"Medium (5–15%)",[373,551,552,559],{},[388,553,554,555],{},"Straw and ",[71,556,558],{"href":557},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstraw-agricultural-residue-firing","agricultural residues",[388,560,561],{},"High (10–25%)",[373,563,564,570],{},[388,565,566],{},[71,567,569],{"href":568},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbagasse","Bagasse",[388,571,572],{},"Medium-high",[373,574,575,580],{},[388,576,577],{},[71,578,579],{"href":118},"MSW \u002F RDF \u002F SRF",[388,581,582],{},"High (variable)",[373,584,585,588],{},[388,586,587],{},"Coal",[388,589,590],{},"Low",[63,592,594],{"id":593},"operational-consequences","Operational consequences",[82,596,597,604,612,619],{},[85,598,599,603],{},[71,600,602],{"href":601},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-melt-sticky-ash","Low-melt sticky ash"," bonding to superheater and economiser tubes",[85,605,606,607,611],{},"Accelerated ",[71,608,610],{"href":609},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftube-erosion-tube-wastage","tube wastage"," from corrosive deposits",[85,613,614,618],{},[71,615,617],{"href":616},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcatalyst-poisoning","SCR catalyst poisoning"," by alkali species",[85,620,621,622,75,626,630],{},"Bed-material agglomeration in ",[71,623,625],{"href":624},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbfb-boiler","BFB",[71,627,629],{"href":628},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcfb-boiler","CFB"," boilers",[63,632,634],{"id":633},"cleaning","Cleaning",[55,636,637,638,640],{},"Active ",[71,639,279],{"href":101}," cleaning prevents fresh alkali-rich deposits from consolidating into bonded slag, which is the only practical mitigation short of fuel substitution.",[63,642,124],{"id":123},[82,644,645,649,655,660,664],{},[85,646,647],{},[71,648,602],{"href":601},[85,650,651],{},[71,652,654],{"href":653},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fchloride-induced-corrosion","Chloride-induced corrosion",[85,656,657],{},[71,658,659],{"href":616},"Catalyst poisoning",[85,661,662],{},[71,663,569],{"href":568},[85,665,666],{},[71,667,668],{"href":557},"Straw \u002F agricultural-residue firing",{"title":151,"searchDepth":152,"depth":152,"links":670},[671,672,673,674],{"id":514,"depth":152,"text":515},{"id":593,"depth":152,"text":594},{"id":633,"depth":152,"text":634},{"id":123,"depth":152,"text":124},"Alkali metals — primarily sodium (Na) and potassium (K) — are the dominant drivers of low-melting fouling in biomass, waste-to-energy and certain coal boilers. Alkali compounds (KCl, NaCl, K₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄) melt or soften at temperatures (650–900 °C) lower than typical convective-pass tube-metal temperatures, so they arrive at the tube surface partly molten and bond tenaciously.",{},[678,679,680,681,682],"low-melt-sticky-ash","chloride-induced-corrosion","catalyst-poisoning","bagasse","straw-agricultural-residue-firing",{"title":684,"description":685},"Alkali metals in ash — sodium and potassium drive low-melt biomass fouling","Alkali metals (Na, K) in biomass and waste-fuel ash form low-melting compounds that bond to boiler tubes as sticky deposits and poison SCR catalysts.",[687],{"title":688,"url":689},"Wikipedia — Slagging and fouling in boilers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoiler#Slagging","glossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash","geS4Q08TCk13dlbSDSxT-BXr_OYi5LW7UIKYIEm_0_0",{"id":693,"title":149,"aliases":694,"body":698,"category":166,"description":907,"extension":159,"meta":908,"navigation":161,"path":148,"relatedTerms":909,"seo":917,"sources":920,"stem":927,"term":149,"__hash__":928},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler.md",[695,696,697],"industrial boiler","utility boiler","steam generator",{"type":52,"value":699,"toc":902},[700,723,727,835,839,871,873],[55,701,186,702,704,705,708,709,75,711,715,716,75,719,722],{},[58,703,166],{}," is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, ",[71,706,707],{"href":118},"WtE",", ",[71,710,119],{"href":118},[71,712,714],{"href":713},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","pulp-and-paper"," operations. All of them foul; the only variables are ",[304,717,718],{},"how much",[304,720,721],{},"with what",".",[63,724,726],{"id":725},"boiler-families","Boiler families",[367,728,729,740],{},[370,730,731],{},[373,732,733,736,738],{},[376,734,735],{},"Type",[376,737,524],{},[376,739,381],{},[383,741,742,756,769,782,795,809,820],{},[373,743,744,750,753],{},[388,745,746],{},[71,747,749],{"href":748},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpc-boiler","PC boiler",[388,751,752],{},"Pulverised coal",[388,754,755],{},"Dominant utility design",[373,757,758,763,766],{},[388,759,760],{},[71,761,762],{"href":628},"CFB boiler",[388,764,765],{},"Coal, biomass, RDF, lignite",[388,767,768],{},"Tolerates wider fuel range; lower NOx",[373,770,771,776,779],{},[388,772,773],{},[71,774,775],{"href":624},"BFB boiler",[388,777,778],{},"Biomass, sludge, low-grade fuels",[388,780,781],{},"Bubbling fluidised bed",[373,783,784,789,792],{},[388,785,786],{},[71,787,788],{"href":713},"Recovery boiler",[388,790,791],{},"Black liquor (kraft pulp mills)",[388,793,794],{},"Combines chemicals recovery with steam",[373,796,797,803,806],{},[388,798,799],{},[71,800,802],{"href":801},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler","Hog-fuel boiler",[388,804,805],{},"Wood waste, bark",[388,807,808],{},"Common at pulp mills as side boilers",[373,810,811,814,817],{},[388,812,813],{},"Gas \u002F oil boiler",[388,815,816],{},"Natural gas, fuel oil",[388,818,819],{},"Lower particulate, less fouling",[373,821,822,825,828],{},[388,823,824],{},"HRSG",[388,826,827],{},"Gas-turbine exhaust",[388,829,830,831],{},"See ",[71,832,834],{"href":833},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-recovery-steam-generator","heat-recovery steam generator",[63,836,838],{"id":837},"where-sonic-horns-sit","Where sonic horns sit",[55,840,841,843,844,708,848,708,852,75,856,860,861,865,866,870],{},[71,842,102],{"href":101}," installed across the convective pass — between ",[71,845,847],{"href":846},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser","economiser",[71,849,851],{"href":850},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","superheaters",[71,853,855],{"href":854},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freheater","reheater",[71,857,859],{"href":858},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heater"," — dislodge ash and soot continuously, supplementing or partially replacing steam ",[71,862,864],{"href":863},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","sootblowers",". The benefit shows up as ",[71,867,869],{"href":868},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-rate","heat rate"," recovery, deferred outages and longer intervals between water washes.",[63,872,124],{"id":123},[82,874,875,879,883,887,893,898],{},[85,876,877],{},[71,878,749],{"href":748},[85,880,881],{},[71,882,762],{"href":628},[85,884,885],{},[71,886,788],{"href":713},[85,888,889],{},[71,890,892],{"href":891},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaterwall","Waterwall",[85,894,895],{},[71,896,897],{"href":846},"Economiser",[85,899,900],{},[71,901,267],{"href":101},{"title":151,"searchDepth":152,"depth":152,"links":903},[904,905,906],{"id":725,"depth":152,"text":726},{"id":837,"depth":152,"text":838},{"id":123,"depth":152,"text":124},"A boiler is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, WtE, biomass and pulp-and-paper operations. All of them foul; the only variables are how much and with what.",{},[910,911,912,913,914,847,915,916,279],"pc-boiler","cfb-boiler","bfb-boiler","recovery-boiler","waterwall","superheater","air-heater",{"title":918,"description":919},"Boiler — industrial steam generator types and acoustic-cleaning needs","A boiler is a vessel that converts fuel chemical energy into steam by heating water. Coal-fired, biomass, oil, gas and recovery boilers all foul; sonic horns clean heat-transfer surfaces.",[921,924],{"title":922,"url":923},"Wikipedia — Boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoiler",{"title":925,"url":926},"Babcock & Wilcox — Sootblower and Boiler Cleaning Terminology","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fsootblower-and-boiler-cleaning-terminology-principles-and-applications","glossary\u002Fboiler","pamAnZGo_UeIedDHhYrfv0nP3GCXkNTGi0a197n4b5Q",1782613760455]