[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":541},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:venturi-scrubber":45,"glossary-related:venturi-scrubber":158},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":50,"category":139,"description":140,"extension":141,"meta":142,"navigation":143,"path":144,"relatedTerms":145,"seo":149,"sources":152,"stem":156,"term":47,"__hash__":157},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fventuri-scrubber.md","Venturi scrubber",[49],"venturi wet scrubber",{"type":51,"value":52,"toc":132},"minimark",[53,61,66,88,92,109,113],[54,55,56,57,60],"p",{},"A ",[58,59,47],"strong",{}," is a high-energy wet scrubber that atomises scrubbing liquid into a high-velocity throat where the liquid droplets intercept and trap fine particulate. The cleaned gas-and-droplet stream then passes to a downstream cyclonic separator that knocks out the wet droplets.",[62,63,65],"h2",{"id":64},"applications","Applications",[67,68,69,79,82,85],"ul",{},[70,71,72,73,78],"li",{},"Blast-furnace gas cleaning (after the ",[74,75,77],"a",{"href":76},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdust-catcher","dust catcher",", before wet ESP)",[70,80,81],{},"Hazardous-waste incinerator off-gas",[70,83,84],{},"Chemical and pharmaceutical process exhaust where sticky aerosols defeat dry collection",[70,86,87],{},"Pulp-and-paper recovery-boiler vent-stack scrubbing",[62,89,91],{"id":90},"sonic-horn-relevance","Sonic-horn relevance",[54,93,94,95,99,100,103,104,108],{},"Venturi scrubbers themselves are continuously wetted and rarely benefit from acoustic cleaning. However, the ",[96,97,98],"em",{},"upstream"," dust catcher and the ",[96,101,102],{},"downstream"," sludge handling hoppers do — ",[74,105,107],{"href":106},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horns"," at those points prevent the sludge bridging that interrupts scrubber operation.",[62,110,112],{"id":111},"related-terms","Related terms",[67,114,115,120,126],{},[70,116,117],{},[74,118,119],{"href":76},"Dust catcher",[70,121,122],{},[74,123,125],{"href":124},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwet-esp","Wet ESP (WESP)",[70,127,128],{},[74,129,131],{"href":130},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","Electrostatic precipitator",{"title":133,"searchDepth":134,"depth":134,"links":135},"",2,[136,137,138],{"id":64,"depth":134,"text":65},{"id":90,"depth":134,"text":91},{"id":111,"depth":134,"text":112},"hrsg-gas-path","A Venturi scrubber is a high-energy wet scrubber that atomises scrubbing liquid into a high-velocity throat where the liquid droplets intercept and trap fine particulate. The cleaned gas-and-droplet stream then passes to a downstream cyclonic separator that knocks out the wet droplets.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fventuri-scrubber",[146,147,148],"dust-catcher","wet-esp","electrostatic-precipitator",{"title":150,"description":151},"Venturi scrubber — high-energy wet scrubber for fine particulate","A Venturi scrubber atomises scrubbing liquid into a high-velocity throat where it intercepts and traps fine particulate. Common on blast-furnace gas cleaning and chemical off-gas duty.",[153],{"title":154,"url":155},"Wikipedia — Venturi scrubber","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVenturi_scrubber","glossary\u002Fventuri-scrubber","yVNOyd7QrxVArzFVSZWaxygqCFuoXilVu3dv33FwFNs",[159,276,369],{"id":160,"title":119,"aliases":161,"body":164,"category":139,"description":262,"extension":141,"meta":263,"navigation":143,"path":76,"relatedTerms":264,"seo":267,"sources":270,"stem":274,"term":119,"__hash__":275},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fdust-catcher.md",[162,163],"blast furnace dust catcher","inertial separator",{"type":51,"value":165,"toc":257},[166,171,175,227,231,243,245],[54,167,56,168,170],{},[58,169,77],{}," is a large vertical inertial separator at the front of a blast-furnace gas-cleaning train. Top-gas from the blast furnace enters at the top, the gas slows as it expands into the large vessel, and coarse particulate falls out under gravity into a discharge hopper at the base.",[62,172,174],{"id":173},"where-it-sits-in-the-cleaning-train","Where it sits in the cleaning train",[176,177,178,191],"table",{},[179,180,181],"thead",{},[182,183,184,188],"tr",{},[185,186,187],"th",{},"Step",[185,189,190],{},"Equipment",[192,193,194,202,211],"tbody",{},[182,195,196,200],{},[197,198,199],"td",{},"1 — coarse separation",[197,201,119],{},[182,203,204,207],{},[197,205,206],{},"2 — fine wet cleaning",[197,208,209],{},[74,210,47],{"href":144},[182,212,213,216],{},[197,214,215],{},"3 — final polish",[197,217,218,219,222,223],{},"Wet ",[74,220,221],{"href":124},"ESP"," or ",[74,224,226],{"href":225},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse","baghouse",[62,228,230],{"id":229},"cleaning-the-dust-catcher","Cleaning the dust catcher",[54,232,233,234,238,239,242],{},"The dust-catcher hopper accumulates large quantities of coarse iron-bearing dust and is prone to ",[74,235,237],{"href":236},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbridging","bridging",". ",[74,240,241],{"href":106},"Sonic horns"," at the hopper outlet keep the dust flowing and reduce interruptions to the gas-cleaning train.",[62,244,112],{"id":111},[67,246,247,253],{},[70,248,249],{},[74,250,252],{"href":251},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcyclone-separator","Cyclone separator",[70,254,255],{},[74,256,47],{"href":144},{"title":133,"searchDepth":134,"depth":134,"links":258},[259,260,261],{"id":173,"depth":134,"text":174},{"id":229,"depth":134,"text":230},{"id":111,"depth":134,"text":112},"A dust catcher is a large vertical inertial separator at the front of a blast-furnace gas-cleaning train. Top-gas from the blast furnace enters at the top, the gas slows as it expands into the large vessel, and coarse particulate falls out under gravity into a discharge hopper at the base.",{},[265,266],"cyclone-separator","venturi-scrubber",{"title":268,"description":269},"Dust catcher — primary inertial separator for blast-furnace gas cleaning","A dust catcher is a large vertical inertial separator used in blast-furnace gas cleaning to remove coarse particulate before downstream wet scrubbers or fabric filters.",[271],{"title":272,"url":273},"Wikipedia — Blast furnace","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBlast_furnace","glossary\u002Fdust-catcher","-2irlo-5xmwPedwppOylqMoBqM-sMGMBGnulBHFd59o",{"id":277,"title":125,"aliases":278,"body":282,"category":352,"description":353,"extension":141,"meta":354,"navigation":143,"path":124,"relatedTerms":355,"seo":359,"sources":362,"stem":366,"term":367,"__hash__":368},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fwet-esp.md",[279,280,281],"WESP","wet electrostatic precipitator","wet ESPs",{"type":51,"value":283,"toc":347},[284,302,306,309,313,322,324],[54,285,56,286,289,290,292,293,296,297,301],{},[58,287,288],{},"wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP)"," is an ",[74,291,221],{"href":130}," in which the collecting surfaces are continuously washed with water rather than rapped dry. WESPs are specified where the particulate is sub-micron, sticky, hygroscopic or acidic — typically downstream of ",[74,294,295],{"href":130},"FGD scrubbers",", on ",[74,298,300],{"href":299},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","biomass"," and waste-to-energy plants, in coke-oven flue paths and on certain refinery and metals off-gas streams.",[62,303,305],{"id":304},"tube-type-vs-plate-type-wesps","Tube-type vs plate-type WESPs",[54,307,308],{},"Most WESPs are tube-type, with vertical cylindrical collectors and a coaxial discharge electrode in each tube. Plate-type WESPs also exist for retrofit duty into existing dry-ESP shells. Water sluicing is either continuous, intermittent flushing, or condensate-driven.",[62,310,312],{"id":311},"where-sonic-horns-help","Where sonic horns help",[54,314,315,316,238,319,321],{},"The wash-water film usually keeps the collecting surfaces clean, but solids accumulate in the ",[58,317,318],{},"sumps and dust-handling hoppers below the WESP",[74,320,241],{"href":106}," prevent sludge bridging and pluggage in these low-level hoppers and pipework, where conventional rapping is impractical and manual cleaning is hazardous.",[62,323,112],{"id":111},[67,325,326,330,336,342],{},[70,327,328],{},[74,329,131],{"href":130},[70,331,332],{},[74,333,335],{"href":334},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fplate-type-esp-tube-type-esp","Plate-type ESP \u002F tube-type ESP",[70,337,338],{},[74,339,341],{"href":340},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcorona-discharge","Corona discharge",[70,343,344],{},[74,345,346],{"href":106},"Sonic horn",{"title":133,"searchDepth":134,"depth":134,"links":348},[349,350,351],{"id":304,"depth":134,"text":305},{"id":311,"depth":134,"text":312},{"id":111,"depth":134,"text":112},"esp","A wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) is an ESP in which the collecting surfaces are continuously washed with water rather than rapped dry. WESPs are specified where the particulate is sub-micron, sticky, hygroscopic or acidic — typically downstream of FGD scrubbers, on biomass and waste-to-energy plants, in coke-oven flue paths and on certain refinery and metals off-gas streams.",{},[148,356,357,358],"plate-type-esp-tube-type-esp","corona-discharge","sonic-horn",{"title":360,"description":361},"Wet ESP (WESP) — definition, applications and cleaning issues","A wet electrostatic precipitator continuously washes its collecting surfaces with water, used for sub-micron particulate, acid mist and sticky aerosols downstream of FGD or biomass scrubbers.",[363],{"title":364,"url":365},"Wikipedia — Electrostatic precipitator","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElectrostatic_precipitator","glossary\u002Fwet-esp","Wet electrostatic precipitator","y9WXPV9UgI-euyX7Gvtpd4HQjiXQ-8yMrDGvpZkJcgM",{"id":370,"title":371,"aliases":372,"body":375,"category":352,"description":521,"extension":141,"meta":522,"navigation":143,"path":130,"relatedTerms":523,"seo":528,"sources":531,"stem":539,"term":131,"__hash__":540},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator.md","Electrostatic precipitator (ESP)",[221,373,374],"electrostatic precipitators","dry ESP",{"type":51,"value":376,"toc":515},[377,391,395,412,416,451,455,487,489],[54,378,379,380,383,384,387,388,390],{},"An ",[58,381,382],{},"electrostatic precipitator (ESP)"," is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate matter from a flue-gas stream by electrostatically charging dust particles and collecting them on grounded plate electrodes. ESPs are the dominant particulate-control technology on coal-fired boilers, cement kilns, ",[74,385,386],{"href":299},"waste-to-energy"," plants, ",[74,389,300],{"href":299}," plants, sinter strands and many other heavy-industry off-gas streams.",[62,392,394],{"id":393},"how-an-esp-works","How an ESP works",[54,396,397,398,402,403,407,408,411],{},"Flue gas flows horizontally between a parallel array of vertical ",[74,399,401],{"href":400},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcollecting-electrode","collecting electrodes"," (plates) and ",[74,404,406],{"href":405},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdischarge-electrode","discharge electrodes"," (high-voltage wires or rigid spikes). A negative DC potential of 40–80 kV applied to the discharge electrodes generates a ",[74,409,410],{"href":340},"corona discharge"," that ionises the gas. Charged dust particles drift to the collecting plates, accumulate as a dust layer, are rapped down into hoppers below and removed by ash-handling equipment.",[62,413,415],{"id":414},"where-sonic-horns-fit","Where sonic horns fit",[54,417,418,419,422,423,425,426,430,431,435,436,440,441,445,446,450],{},"ESPs accumulate dust faster than mechanical rapping can release it, and hoppers below ESP fields routinely ",[74,420,421],{"href":236},"bridge"," and choke. ",[74,424,241],{"href":106}," installed on the ESP ",[74,427,429],{"href":428},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-penthouse","penthouse"," and on hopper walls keep dust dislodged, supplement ",[74,432,434],{"href":433},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-rapper","rappers",", prevent ",[74,437,439],{"href":438},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fback-corona","back-corona"," by limiting plate dust thickness, and eliminate hopper ",[74,442,444],{"href":443},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frat-holing","rat-holing"," without the structural fatigue of ",[74,447,449],{"href":448},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftumbling-hammer-rapper","tumbling-hammer rappers",".",[62,452,454],{"id":453},"common-failure-modes","Common failure modes",[67,456,457,463,469,475,481],{},[70,458,459,462],{},[58,460,461],{},"High opacity \u002F particulate emissions"," from thick dust layers reducing collection efficiency",[70,464,465,468],{},[58,466,467],{},"Back-corona"," in high-resistivity ash that reverses ionisation and collapses collection",[70,470,471,474],{},[58,472,473],{},"Re-entrainment"," as rapper puffs return dust to the gas stream",[70,476,477,480],{},[58,478,479],{},"Hopper bridging"," that stops ash extraction and triggers field shutdowns",[70,482,483,486],{},[58,484,485],{},"Discharge-electrode breakage"," from rapper fatigue or sparking",[62,488,112],{"id":111},[67,490,491,496,501,505,511],{},[70,492,493],{},[74,494,495],{"href":400},"Collecting electrode",[70,497,498],{},[74,499,500],{"href":405},"Discharge electrode",[70,502,503],{},[74,504,467],{"href":438},[70,506,507],{},[74,508,510],{"href":509},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-hopper","ESP hopper",[70,512,513],{},[74,514,346],{"href":106},{"title":133,"searchDepth":134,"depth":134,"links":516},[517,518,519,520],{"id":393,"depth":134,"text":394},{"id":414,"depth":134,"text":415},{"id":453,"depth":134,"text":454},{"id":111,"depth":134,"text":112},"An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate matter from a flue-gas stream by electrostatically charging dust particles and collecting them on grounded plate electrodes. ESPs are the dominant particulate-control technology on coal-fired boilers, cement kilns, waste-to-energy plants, biomass plants, sinter strands and many other heavy-industry off-gas streams.",{},[147,524,525,357,526,527,439,358],"collecting-electrode","discharge-electrode","esp-hopper","esp-rapper",{"title":529,"description":530},"Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) — how it works and how it fouls","An ESP removes particulate from flue gas by charging dust and collecting it on plate electrodes. Sonic horns are widely used to dislodge ash from plates and to keep hoppers from bridging.",[532,533,536],{"title":364,"url":365},{"title":534,"url":535},"EPA — Monitoring Knowledge Base: Electrostatic Precipitators","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.epa.gov\u002Fair-emissions-monitoring-knowledge-base\u002Fmonitoring-control-technique-electrostatic-precipitators",{"title":537,"url":538},"Babcock & Wilcox — Basics of ESP Operation","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fbasic-esp-operation","glossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","hT_C4hmid3iZaYWhLpiSJ2tBfL0bSJ-uhzn7TY4Vtj4",1782613743617]