[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":654},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:turning-vane-esp-inlet":45,"glossary-related:turning-vane-esp-inlet":168},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":52,"category":148,"description":149,"extension":150,"meta":151,"navigation":152,"path":153,"relatedTerms":154,"seo":158,"sources":161,"stem":165,"term":166,"__hash__":167},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fturning-vane-esp-inlet.md","Turning vane (ESP inlet)",[49,50,51],"turning vanes","inlet vane","gas distribution vane",{"type":53,"value":54,"toc":141},"minimark",[55,74,79,107,111,119,123],[56,57,58,62,63,68,69,73],"p",{},[59,60,61],"strong",{},"Turning vanes"," are gas-distribution devices installed in the inlet plenum of an ",[64,65,67],"a",{"href":66},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESP"," — and sometimes in upstream duct elbows — to straighten and evenly distribute the flue gas before it enters the plate stack. Even gas distribution is critical to ESP performance: a poorly distributed flow leaves part of the ",[64,70,72],{"href":71},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fspecific-collection-area","collecting area"," under-used while overloading the rest.",[75,76,78],"h2",{"id":77},"failure-modes","Failure modes",[80,81,82,89,95,101],"ul",{},[83,84,85,88],"li",{},[59,86,87],{},"Vane fouling"," — ash builds up on the leading edge and disrupts the designed flow pattern",[83,90,91,94],{},[59,92,93],{},"Vane erosion"," — abrasive ash gradually thins the vane, especially on biomass and waste-to-energy duty",[83,96,97,100],{},[59,98,99],{},"Distortion"," — thermal cycling warps the vane and changes the deflection angle",[83,102,103,106],{},[59,104,105],{},"Detachment"," — vanes loosen and fall into the gas stream, blocking field inlets",[75,108,110],{"id":109},"sonic-horns-on-inlet-ducting","Sonic horns on inlet ducting",[56,112,113,114,118],{},"Acoustic horns installed in the inlet plenum keep turning-vane surfaces and adjacent ducting walls clean, preserving the designed distribution. Without periodic cleaning, distribution drift can reduce overall ESP ",[64,115,117],{"href":116},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcollection-efficiency","collection efficiency"," by several percentage points before the cause is identified.",[75,120,122],{"id":121},"related-terms","Related terms",[80,124,125,130,136],{},[83,126,127],{},[64,128,129],{"href":66},"Electrostatic precipitator",[83,131,132],{},[64,133,135],{"href":134},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsneakage","Sneakage",[83,137,138],{},[64,139,140],{"href":116},"Collection efficiency",{"title":142,"searchDepth":143,"depth":143,"links":144},"",2,[145,146,147],{"id":77,"depth":143,"text":78},{"id":109,"depth":143,"text":110},{"id":121,"depth":143,"text":122},"esp","Turning vanes are gas-distribution devices installed in the inlet plenum of an ESP — and sometimes in upstream duct elbows — to straighten and evenly distribute the flue gas before it enters the plate stack. Even gas distribution is critical to ESP performance: a poorly distributed flow leaves part of the collecting area under-used while overloading the rest.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fturning-vane-esp-inlet",[155,156,157],"electrostatic-precipitator","sneakage","collection-efficiency",{"title":159,"description":160},"Turning vane — gas-distribution device at the ESP inlet","Turning vanes at the ESP inlet straighten and evenly distribute the flue-gas flow before it enters the plate stack. Fouling on the vanes degrades distribution and collection efficiency.",[162],{"title":163,"url":164},"EPA — Monitoring Knowledge Base: Electrostatic Precipitators","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.epa.gov\u002Fair-emissions-monitoring-knowledge-base\u002Fmonitoring-control-technique-electrostatic-precipitators","glossary\u002Fturning-vane-esp-inlet","Turning vane","5KMjGGqiLc0x-1un5EI9Yb_HOb_4R3wifLi7PSuHUAE",[169,351,449],{"id":170,"title":171,"aliases":172,"body":175,"category":148,"description":328,"extension":150,"meta":329,"navigation":152,"path":66,"relatedTerms":330,"seo":338,"sources":341,"stem":349,"term":129,"__hash__":350},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator.md","Electrostatic precipitator (ESP)",[67,173,174],"electrostatic precipitators","dry ESP",{"type":53,"value":176,"toc":322},[177,193,197,215,219,257,261,293,295],[56,178,179,180,183,184,188,189,192],{},"An ",[59,181,182],{},"electrostatic precipitator (ESP)"," is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate matter from a flue-gas stream by electrostatically charging dust particles and collecting them on grounded plate electrodes. ESPs are the dominant particulate-control technology on coal-fired boilers, cement kilns, ",[64,185,187],{"href":186},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","waste-to-energy"," plants, ",[64,190,191],{"href":186},"biomass"," plants, sinter strands and many other heavy-industry off-gas streams.",[75,194,196],{"id":195},"how-an-esp-works","How an ESP works",[56,198,199,200,204,205,209,210,214],{},"Flue gas flows horizontally between a parallel array of vertical ",[64,201,203],{"href":202},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcollecting-electrode","collecting electrodes"," (plates) and ",[64,206,208],{"href":207},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdischarge-electrode","discharge electrodes"," (high-voltage wires or rigid spikes). A negative DC potential of 40–80 kV applied to the discharge electrodes generates a ",[64,211,213],{"href":212},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcorona-discharge","corona discharge"," that ionises the gas. Charged dust particles drift to the collecting plates, accumulate as a dust layer, are rapped down into hoppers below and removed by ash-handling equipment.",[75,216,218],{"id":217},"where-sonic-horns-fit","Where sonic horns fit",[56,220,221,222,226,227,231,232,236,237,241,242,246,247,251,252,256],{},"ESPs accumulate dust faster than mechanical rapping can release it, and hoppers below ESP fields routinely ",[64,223,225],{"href":224},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbridging","bridge"," and choke. ",[64,228,230],{"href":229},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," installed on the ESP ",[64,233,235],{"href":234},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-penthouse","penthouse"," and on hopper walls keep dust dislodged, supplement ",[64,238,240],{"href":239},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-rapper","rappers",", prevent ",[64,243,245],{"href":244},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fback-corona","back-corona"," by limiting plate dust thickness, and eliminate hopper ",[64,248,250],{"href":249},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frat-holing","rat-holing"," without the structural fatigue of ",[64,253,255],{"href":254},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftumbling-hammer-rapper","tumbling-hammer rappers",".",[75,258,260],{"id":259},"common-failure-modes","Common failure modes",[80,262,263,269,275,281,287],{},[83,264,265,268],{},[59,266,267],{},"High opacity \u002F particulate emissions"," from thick dust layers reducing collection efficiency",[83,270,271,274],{},[59,272,273],{},"Back-corona"," in high-resistivity ash that reverses ionisation and collapses collection",[83,276,277,280],{},[59,278,279],{},"Re-entrainment"," as rapper puffs return dust to the gas stream",[83,282,283,286],{},[59,284,285],{},"Hopper bridging"," that stops ash extraction and triggers field shutdowns",[83,288,289,292],{},[59,290,291],{},"Discharge-electrode breakage"," from rapper fatigue or sparking",[75,294,122],{"id":121},[80,296,297,302,307,311,317],{},[83,298,299],{},[64,300,301],{"href":202},"Collecting electrode",[83,303,304],{},[64,305,306],{"href":207},"Discharge electrode",[83,308,309],{},[64,310,273],{"href":244},[83,312,313],{},[64,314,316],{"href":315},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-hopper","ESP hopper",[83,318,319],{},[64,320,321],{"href":229},"Sonic horn",{"title":142,"searchDepth":143,"depth":143,"links":323},[324,325,326,327],{"id":195,"depth":143,"text":196},{"id":217,"depth":143,"text":218},{"id":259,"depth":143,"text":260},{"id":121,"depth":143,"text":122},"An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate matter from a flue-gas stream by electrostatically charging dust particles and collecting them on grounded plate electrodes. ESPs are the dominant particulate-control technology on coal-fired boilers, cement kilns, waste-to-energy plants, biomass plants, sinter strands and many other heavy-industry off-gas streams.",{},[331,332,333,334,335,336,245,337],"wet-esp","collecting-electrode","discharge-electrode","corona-discharge","esp-hopper","esp-rapper","sonic-horn",{"title":339,"description":340},"Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) — how it works and how it fouls","An ESP removes particulate from flue gas by charging dust and collecting it on plate electrodes. Sonic horns are widely used to dislodge ash from plates and to keep hoppers from bridging.",[342,345,346],{"title":343,"url":344},"Wikipedia — Electrostatic precipitator","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElectrostatic_precipitator",{"title":163,"url":164},{"title":347,"url":348},"Babcock & Wilcox — Basics of ESP Operation","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fbasic-esp-operation","glossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","hT_C4hmid3iZaYWhLpiSJ2tBfL0bSJ-uhzn7TY4Vtj4",{"id":352,"title":135,"aliases":353,"body":356,"category":148,"description":438,"extension":150,"meta":439,"navigation":152,"path":134,"relatedTerms":440,"seo":442,"sources":445,"stem":447,"term":135,"__hash__":448},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsneakage.md",[354,355],"gas sneakage","sneakage flow",{"type":53,"value":357,"toc":433},[358,369,373,399,402,406,417,419],[56,359,360,362,363,365,366,368],{},[59,361,135],{}," is the portion of flue-gas flow that bypasses the active electrostatic field of an ",[64,364,67],{"href":66}," — typically through the hopper void below the plates or the gas space above the plate stack — and exits without being electrostatically cleaned. Sneakage flow directly reduces ",[64,367,117],{"href":116}," because dust in the bypass stream is never charged.",[75,370,372],{"id":371},"where-sneakage-occurs","Where sneakage occurs",[80,374,375,381,387,393],{},[83,376,377,380],{},[59,378,379],{},"Hopper sneakage"," — gas short-circuits between fields by passing through the inverted-pyramid hopper void",[83,382,383,386],{},[59,384,385],{},"Anti-sneakage baffles"," — installed to block hopper paths; if damaged or missing, sneakage rises",[83,388,389,392],{},[59,390,391],{},"Penthouse and top-gas-distribution paths"," above the plate stack",[83,394,395,398],{},[59,396,397],{},"End-wall gaps"," between plates and the ESP casing",[56,400,401],{},"Well-designed ESPs limit total sneakage to 5–10% of gas flow; poorly maintained ESPs can run 20% or higher.",[75,403,405],{"id":404},"sneakage-and-ash-bridging","Sneakage and ash bridging",[56,407,408,409,412,413,416],{},"Hopper sneakage is worse when the ",[64,410,411],{"href":315},"hopper"," is full or ",[64,414,415],{"href":224},"bridged"," — the gas finds a path around the dust mass instead of being properly sealed off by it. Acoustic horns that keep hoppers flowing eliminate one common cause of sneakage indirectly, by ensuring the hopper itself remains a sealed gas-flow boundary.",[75,418,122],{"id":121},[80,420,421,425,429],{},[83,422,423],{},[64,424,129],{"href":66},[83,426,427],{},[64,428,47],{"href":153},[83,430,431],{},[64,432,140],{"href":116},{"title":142,"searchDepth":143,"depth":143,"links":434},[435,436,437],{"id":371,"depth":143,"text":372},{"id":404,"depth":143,"text":405},{"id":121,"depth":143,"text":122},"Sneakage is the portion of flue-gas flow that bypasses the active electrostatic field of an ESP — typically through the hopper void below the plates or the gas space above the plate stack — and exits without being electrostatically cleaned. Sneakage flow directly reduces collection efficiency because dust in the bypass stream is never charged.",{},[155,441,157],"turning-vane-esp-inlet",{"title":443,"description":444},"Sneakage — bypass flow that reduces ESP collection efficiency","Sneakage is flue-gas flow that bypasses the active electrostatic field of an ESP, typically through hopper voids or above the plate stack. It directly reduces collection efficiency.",[446],{"title":163,"url":164},"glossary\u002Fsneakage","WsLNNFZzqf7ommG0gFWn_Zjeq42NhqeUuO26k-rLExA",{"id":450,"title":140,"aliases":451,"body":454,"category":641,"description":642,"extension":150,"meta":643,"navigation":152,"path":116,"relatedTerms":644,"seo":647,"sources":650,"stem":652,"term":140,"__hash__":653},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fcollection-efficiency.md",[117,452,453],"capture efficiency","ESP collection efficiency",{"type":53,"value":455,"toc":636},[456,473,477,561,565,568,608,613,615],[56,457,458,460,461,463,464,463,468,472],{},[59,459,140],{}," is the fraction of inlet particulate captured by an ",[64,462,67],{"href":66},", ",[64,465,467],{"href":466},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse","baghouse",[64,469,471],{"href":470},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcyclone-separator","cyclone"," or other particulate-control device. It is calculated as (inlet mass loading − outlet mass loading) \u002F inlet mass loading and reported as a percentage.",[75,474,476],{"id":475},"typical-values","Typical values",[478,479,480,493],"table",{},[481,482,483],"thead",{},[484,485,486,490],"tr",{},[487,488,489],"th",{},"Device",[487,491,492],{},"Typical collection efficiency",[494,495,496,508,519,530,540,550],"tbody",{},[484,497,498,505],{},[499,500,501,502],"td",{},"Single ",[64,503,504],{"href":470},"cyclone separator",[499,506,507],{},"70–90%",[484,509,510,516],{},[499,511,512],{},[64,513,515],{"href":514},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fmulti-cyclone-multiclone","Multi-cyclone",[499,517,518],{},"85–95%",[484,520,521,527],{},[499,522,523],{},[64,524,526],{"href":525},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fventuri-scrubber","Venturi scrubber",[499,528,529],{},"95–99%",[484,531,532,537],{},[499,533,534,536],{},[64,535,129],{"href":66}," (modern)",[499,538,539],{},"99.5–99.95%",[484,541,542,547],{},[499,543,544],{},[64,545,546],{"href":466},"Baghouse",[499,548,549],{},"99.9–99.99%",[484,551,552,558],{},[499,553,554],{},[64,555,557],{"href":556},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwet-esp","Wet ESP (WESP)",[499,559,560],{},"99.9% (especially fine PM)",[75,562,564],{"id":563},"how-fouling-erodes-collection-efficiency","How fouling erodes collection efficiency",[56,566,567],{},"Each device fouls in characteristic ways that degrade its collection efficiency:",[80,569,570,584,597],{},[83,571,572,574,575,463,577,463,580],{},[59,573,67],{}," — ",[64,576,245],{"href":244},[64,578,579],{"href":315},"hopper bridging",[64,581,583],{"href":582},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fre-entrainment","re-entrainment",[83,585,586,574,588,463,592,596],{},[59,587,546],{},[64,589,591],{"href":590},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbag-blinding","bag blinding",[64,593,595],{"href":594},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcake-bridging-cake-blinding","cake bridging",", bag failures",[83,598,599,602,603,607],{},[59,600,601],{},"Cyclone"," — wall build-up, ",[64,604,606],{"href":605},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcyclone-dipleg","dipleg"," pluggage",[56,609,610,612],{},[64,611,230],{"href":229}," address the first three mechanisms in their respective applications.",[75,614,122],{"id":121},[80,616,617,621,625,631],{},[83,618,619],{},[64,620,129],{"href":66},[83,622,623],{},[64,624,546],{"href":466},[83,626,627],{},[64,628,630],{"href":629},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fremoval-efficiency","Removal efficiency",[83,632,633],{},[64,634,635],{"href":71},"Specific collection area (SCA)",{"title":142,"searchDepth":143,"depth":143,"links":637},[638,639,640],{"id":475,"depth":143,"text":476},{"id":563,"depth":143,"text":564},{"id":121,"depth":143,"text":122},"kpis-measurements","Collection efficiency is the fraction of inlet particulate captured by an ESP, baghouse, cyclone or other particulate-control device. It is calculated as (inlet mass loading − outlet mass loading) \u002F inlet mass loading and reported as a percentage.",{},[155,467,645,646],"removal-efficiency","specific-collection-area",{"title":648,"description":649},"Collection efficiency — fraction of inlet particulate captured by the cleaning device","Collection efficiency is the fraction of inlet particulate captured by an ESP, baghouse or cyclone. Reported as a percentage; modern ESPs achieve 99.5%+, baghouses 99.9%+.",[651],{"title":163,"url":164},"glossary\u002Fcollection-efficiency","_cGtM6lyYxWcd21mZNA6in_t4XcwLZgPZBCgilBKMek",1782613738560]