[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1009},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:tube-fouling":45,"glossary-related:tube-fouling":202},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":51,"category":182,"description":183,"extension":184,"meta":185,"navigation":186,"path":187,"relatedTerms":188,"seo":193,"sources":196,"stem":200,"term":47,"__hash__":201},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ftube-fouling.md","Tube fouling",[49,50],"boiler tube fouling","heat exchanger tube fouling",{"type":52,"value":53,"toc":175},"minimark",[54,89,94,126,130,142,146],[55,56,57,60,61,66,67,66,71,66,75,66,79,83,84,88],"p",{},[58,59,47],"strong",{}," is the umbrella term for deposit accumulation on the gas-side outer surface of boiler and heat-exchanger tubes — ",[62,63,65],"a",{"href":64},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser","economisers",", ",[62,68,70],{"href":69},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","superheaters",[62,72,74],{"href":73},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freheater","reheaters",[62,76,78],{"href":77},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heaters",[62,80,82],{"href":81},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-recovery-steam-generator","HRSG"," harps, ",[62,85,87],{"href":86},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery-boiler"," banks. The specific deposit composition varies by application, but the operational consequences are common.",[90,91,93],"h2",{"id":92},"what-tube-fouling-does","What tube fouling does",[95,96,97,104,114,120],"ul",{},[98,99,100,103],"li",{},[58,101,102],{},"Insulates"," the tube from the gas, reducing heat transfer",[98,105,106,109,110],{},[58,107,108],{},"Raises"," flue-gas-side pressure drop, derating the ",[62,111,113],{"href":112},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fid-fan","ID fan",[98,115,116,119],{},[58,117,118],{},"Bonds chemically"," with the tube surface, creating local corrosion sites",[98,121,122,125],{},[58,123,124],{},"Channels"," gas flow around blocked passages, leaving fouled tubes worse and unfouled tubes overworked",[90,127,129],{"id":128},"cleaning-toolkit","Cleaning toolkit",[55,131,132,136,137,141],{},[62,133,135],{"href":134},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," prevent the early consolidation phase of tube fouling. Steam ",[62,138,140],{"href":139},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","sootblowers"," attack thicker deposits. Periodic offline water-washing or chemical cleaning addresses what neither can manage.",[90,143,145],{"id":144},"related-terms","Related terms",[95,147,148,154,159,164,170],{},[98,149,150],{},[62,151,153],{"href":152},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffouling","Fouling",[98,155,156],{},[62,157,158],{"href":64},"Economiser",[98,160,161],{},[62,162,163],{"href":69},"Superheater",[98,165,166],{},[62,167,169],{"href":168},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-transfer-surface-fouling","Heat-transfer surface fouling",[98,171,172],{},[62,173,174],{"href":134},"Sonic horn",{"title":176,"searchDepth":177,"depth":177,"links":178},"",2,[179,180,181],{"id":92,"depth":177,"text":93},{"id":128,"depth":177,"text":129},{"id":144,"depth":177,"text":145},"fouling","Tube fouling is the umbrella term for deposit accumulation on the gas-side outer surface of boiler and heat-exchanger tubes — economisers, superheaters, reheaters, air heaters, HRSG harps, recovery-boiler banks. The specific deposit composition varies by application, but the operational consequences are common.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftube-fouling",[182,189,190,191,192],"economiser","superheater","heat-transfer-surface-fouling","sonic-horn",{"title":194,"description":195},"Tube fouling — accumulation of deposits on the outside of boiler and heat-exchanger tubes","Tube fouling is the umbrella term for deposit accumulation on the gas-side surfaces of boiler and heat-exchanger tubes. Reduces heat transfer, increases ΔP, accelerates corrosion.",[197],{"title":198,"url":199},"Wikipedia — Fouling","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFouling","glossary\u002Ftube-fouling","wQLuzxRUKMwjdt8goiQ2fgLvMCO0N2LoANrxSi8XukM",[203,377,507,651,790],{"id":204,"title":153,"aliases":205,"body":208,"category":182,"description":365,"extension":184,"meta":366,"navigation":186,"path":152,"relatedTerms":367,"seo":369,"sources":372,"stem":374,"term":375,"__hash__":376},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ffouling.md",[206,207],"process fouling","heat-transfer fouling",{"type":52,"value":209,"toc":360},[210,270,274,312,316,327,329],[55,211,212,214,215,66,219,66,223,66,227,66,231,66,235,66,238,66,242,245,246,66,250,66,254,66,258,66,262,66,266,269],{},[58,213,153],{}," is the accumulation of unwanted deposits on the surfaces of process equipment. It is the universal phenomenon that connects every application Sylio addresses: ",[62,216,218],{"href":217},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler","boilers",[62,220,222],{"href":221},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",[62,224,226],{"href":225},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse","baghouses",[62,228,230],{"href":229},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[62,232,234],{"href":233},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",[62,236,237],{"href":81},"HRSGs",[62,239,241],{"href":240},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-tower","cement preheaters",[62,243,244],{"href":86},"recovery boilers",". Different industries use different specific names for the resulting deposits — ",[62,247,249],{"href":248},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fslagging","slagging",[62,251,253],{"href":252},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fscaling","scaling",[62,255,257],{"href":256},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcoking","coking",[62,259,261],{"href":260},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbridging","bridging",[62,263,265],{"href":264},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbuild-up-coating-accretion","coating",[62,267,268],{"href":264},"build-up"," — but fouling is the umbrella that connects them.",[90,271,273],{"id":272},"consequences-of-fouling","Consequences of fouling",[95,275,276,282,288,294,300,306],{},[98,277,278,281],{},[58,279,280],{},"Heat-transfer loss"," — reducing thermal efficiency and raising fuel cost",[98,283,284,287],{},[58,285,286],{},"Pressure-drop rise"," — derating fans and raising power consumption",[98,289,290,293],{},[58,291,292],{},"Flow blockage"," — interrupting material flow in storage and process vessels",[98,295,296,299],{},[58,297,298],{},"Tube corrosion"," — beneath the deposit, accelerated by local chemistry",[98,301,302,305],{},[58,303,304],{},"Forced outages"," — when fouling becomes severe enough to force a shutdown",[98,307,308,311],{},[58,309,310],{},"Emission excursions"," — when air-pollution-control equipment loses effectiveness",[90,313,315],{"id":314},"mitigation-philosophy","Mitigation philosophy",[55,317,318,319,323,324,326],{},"The Sylio philosophy is ",[320,321,322],"em",{},"prevention over remediation",". Continuous low-amplitude ",[62,325,192],{"href":134}," cleaning keeps deposits from consolidating into the bonded layers that demand intensive periodic cleaning. The economic case is clear: every avoided forced outage typically justifies the entire acoustic-cleaning installation.",[90,328,145],{"id":144},[95,330,331,336,341,346,352,356],{},[98,332,333],{},[62,334,335],{"href":248},"Slagging",[98,337,338],{},[62,339,340],{"href":252},"Scaling",[98,342,343],{},[62,344,345],{"href":256},"Coking",[98,347,348],{},[62,349,351],{"href":350},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsintering-deposit","Sintering (deposit)",[98,353,354],{},[62,355,169],{"href":168},[98,357,358],{},[62,359,174],{"href":134},{"title":176,"searchDepth":177,"depth":177,"links":361},[362,363,364],{"id":272,"depth":177,"text":273},{"id":314,"depth":177,"text":315},{"id":144,"depth":177,"text":145},"Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted deposits on the surfaces of process equipment. It is the universal phenomenon that connects every application Sylio addresses: boilers, ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, hoppers and silos, HRSGs, cement preheaters, recovery boilers. Different industries use different specific names for the resulting deposits — slagging, scaling, coking, bridging, coating, build-up — but fouling is the umbrella that connects them.",{},[249,253,257,368,191,192],"sintering-deposit",{"title":370,"description":371},"Fouling — accumulation of unwanted deposits on process equipment surfaces","Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted deposits on process-equipment surfaces. The general umbrella term covering slagging, scaling, coking, sintering and many other specific mechanisms.",[373],{"title":198,"url":199},"glossary\u002Ffouling","Fouling (general)","vsFkT5ifjz3ggye30lYBeL42wZVcgPLYcyF9bwo9YnA",{"id":378,"title":158,"aliases":379,"body":382,"category":491,"description":492,"extension":184,"meta":493,"navigation":186,"path":64,"relatedTerms":494,"seo":498,"sources":501,"stem":505,"term":158,"__hash__":506},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser.md",[380,381],"economizer","feedwater economiser",{"type":52,"value":383,"toc":485},[384,408,410,413,430,433,437,442,446,454,456],[55,385,386,387,389,390,394,395,398,399,402,403,407],{},"An ",[58,388,189],{}," is the tube bank in a boiler's ",[62,391,393],{"href":392},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fconvective-pass-backpass","convective pass"," that recovers residual heat from the flue gas by preheating boiler feedwater. It sits downstream of the ",[62,396,397],{"href":73},"reheater"," and upstream of the ",[62,400,401],{"href":77},"air heater","; economiser performance directly affects boiler ",[62,404,406],{"href":405},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-rate","heat rate",".",[90,409,153],{"id":182},[55,411,412],{},"Two failure modes dominate:",[95,414,415,421],{},[98,416,417,420],{},[58,418,419],{},"Ash bridging"," between tubes — gas can no longer pass freely; ΔP across the economiser rises",[98,422,423,429],{},[58,424,425],{},[62,426,428],{"href":427},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flarge-particle-ash","Large-particle ash"," dropping out of the gas stream onto economiser hoppers — bridges and pluggage in the hopper itself",[55,431,432],{},"The first reduces gas-side heat transfer and forces gas channelling around the blocked area; the second causes hopper extraction to fail and back-pressures the gas path.",[90,434,436],{"id":435},"sonic-horn-duty","Sonic-horn duty",[55,438,439,441],{},[62,440,135],{"href":134}," mounted on the economiser shell and hopper are particularly effective because economiser deposits are dry, friable and respond well to acoustic dislodging. Plants commonly report 1–2% boiler-efficiency recovery after horn installation on heavily-fouled economisers.",[90,443,445],{"id":444},"economiser-scr-adjacency","Economiser-SCR adjacency",[55,447,448,449,453],{},"On units with an upstream ",[62,450,452],{"href":451},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-dust-low-dust-tail-end-scr","high-dust SCR",", the economiser receives the same large-particle ash that the SCR is designed against. LPA screens between SCR and economiser are common; sonic horns help keep both surfaces clean.",[90,455,145],{"id":144},[95,457,458,463,468,472,477,481],{},[98,459,460],{},[62,461,462],{"href":217},"Boiler",[98,464,465],{},[62,466,467],{"href":392},"Convective pass \u002F backpass",[98,469,470],{},[62,471,163],{"href":69},[98,473,474],{},[62,475,476],{"href":77},"Air heater",[98,478,479],{},[62,480,428],{"href":427},[98,482,483],{},[62,484,174],{"href":134},{"title":176,"searchDepth":177,"depth":177,"links":486},[487,488,489,490],{"id":182,"depth":177,"text":153},{"id":435,"depth":177,"text":436},{"id":444,"depth":177,"text":445},{"id":144,"depth":177,"text":145},"boiler","An economiser is the tube bank in a boiler's convective pass that recovers residual heat from the flue gas by preheating boiler feedwater. It sits downstream of the reheater and upstream of the air heater; economiser performance directly affects boiler heat rate.",{},[491,495,190,496,497,192],"convective-pass-backpass","air-heater","large-particle-ash",{"title":499,"description":500},"Economiser — final tube bank that preheats feedwater with flue-gas heat","An economiser is the final tube bank in a boiler's convective pass that recovers heat from the flue gas by preheating feedwater. Ash bridging in the economiser is a routine cleaning challenge.",[502],{"title":503,"url":504},"Wikipedia — Economizer","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEconomizer","glossary\u002Feconomiser","kh4Q3Eo9CNl35_b843VUXSI8fDZuiLZqLyB__NSzVH4",{"id":508,"title":163,"aliases":509,"body":513,"category":491,"description":638,"extension":184,"meta":639,"navigation":186,"path":69,"relatedTerms":640,"seo":642,"sources":645,"stem":649,"term":163,"__hash__":650},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater.md",[70,510,511,512],"primary superheater","secondary superheater","finishing superheater",{"type":52,"value":514,"toc":633},[515,524,526,563,567,576,599,602,604],[55,516,517,518,520,521,523],{},"A ",[58,519,190],{}," is a tube bank in a boiler's ",[62,522,393],{"href":392}," that raises the steam temperature beyond its saturation point using residual heat from the flue gas. Most utility boilers have at least two superheater stages: a primary superheater (cooler gas) and a secondary or finishing superheater (closest to the furnace, hottest gas).",[90,525,153],{"id":182},[95,527,528,540,546],{},[98,529,530,534,535,539],{},[58,531,532],{},[62,533,335],{"href":248}," on the finishing superheater — semi-molten ash from the ",[62,536,538],{"href":537},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffurnace","furnace"," deposits on the hottest tubes",[98,541,542,545],{},[58,543,544],{},"Bonded ash"," on the primary superheater — drier deposits that sinter under sustained temperature",[98,547,548,551,552,66,556,559,560,562],{},[58,549,550],{},"Sodium \u002F potassium-rich deposits"," on ",[62,553,555],{"href":554},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","biomass",[62,557,558],{"href":554},"WtE"," and ",[62,561,244],{"href":86}," — sticky, low-melting, aggressive",[90,564,566],{"id":565},"cleaning","Cleaning",[55,568,569,570,559,572,575],{},"Steam ",[62,571,140],{"href":139},[62,573,574],{"href":134},"sonic horns"," work together:",[95,577,578,581,589],{},[98,579,580],{},"Sootblowers attack hard slag on the finishing superheater",[98,582,583,584,588],{},"Sonic horns (",[62,585,587],{"href":586},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","60–125 Hz",") keep dry ash from consolidating on the primary superheater and convective superheater",[98,590,591,595,596,598],{},[62,592,594],{"href":593},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finfrasonic-cleaner","Infrasonic cleaners"," below 30 Hz are used on deep ",[62,597,87],{"href":86}," superheater cavities",[55,600,601],{},"The combination extends the interval between major water-washes and reduces steam-attemperation requirements that mask deteriorating heat transfer.",[90,603,145],{"id":144},[95,605,606,610,614,619,623,627],{},[98,607,608],{},[62,609,462],{"href":217},[98,611,612],{},[62,613,467],{"href":392},[98,615,616],{},[62,617,618],{"href":73},"Reheater",[98,620,621],{},[62,622,335],{"href":248},[98,624,625],{},[62,626,174],{"href":134},[98,628,629],{},[62,630,632],{"href":631},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",{"title":176,"searchDepth":177,"depth":177,"links":634},[635,636,637],{"id":182,"depth":177,"text":153},{"id":565,"depth":177,"text":566},{"id":144,"depth":177,"text":145},"A superheater is a tube bank in a boiler's convective pass that raises the steam temperature beyond its saturation point using residual heat from the flue gas. Most utility boilers have at least two superheater stages: a primary superheater (cooler gas) and a secondary or finishing superheater (closest to the furnace, hottest gas).",{},[491,495,397,249,192,641],"sonic-sootblower",{"title":643,"description":644},"Superheater — boiler tube bank that raises steam temperature beyond saturation","A superheater is a tube bank that raises steam temperature beyond the saturation point using flue-gas heat. Sticky alkali ash and slag deposits are the dominant fouling concerns.",[646],{"title":647,"url":648},"Wikipedia — Superheater","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSuperheater","glossary\u002Fsuperheater","hYVXyyVmlWCU3AXfAl0l3YAhHpWty_akkDsBJGC_NDs",{"id":652,"title":169,"aliases":653,"body":656,"category":182,"description":778,"extension":184,"meta":779,"navigation":186,"path":168,"relatedTerms":780,"seo":783,"sources":786,"stem":788,"term":169,"__hash__":789},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-transfer-surface-fouling.md",[654,655],"HTS fouling","heat transfer fouling",{"type":52,"value":657,"toc":773},[658,667,671,674,734,743,747,752,754],[55,659,660,662,663,666],{},[58,661,169],{}," is the engineering term for ",[62,664,665],{"href":187},"tube fouling"," viewed from the thermodynamic-impact angle. A fouling layer adds a thermal-resistance term in series with the underlying tube wall and the inside\u002Foutside film coefficients, reducing the overall heat-transfer coefficient (U) for the tube.",[90,668,670],{"id":669},"quantifying-the-effect","Quantifying the effect",[55,672,673],{},"The added fouling resistance R_f is reported in m²·K\u002FW (or h·ft²·°F\u002FBtu in US units). Typical published values:",[675,676,677,690],"table",{},[678,679,680],"thead",{},[681,682,683,687],"tr",{},[684,685,686],"th",{},"Service",[684,688,689],{},"R_f (m²·K\u002FW)",[691,692,693,702,710,718,726],"tbody",{},[681,694,695,699],{},[696,697,698],"td",{},"Clean steam-side",[696,700,701],{},"0",[681,703,704,707],{},[696,705,706],{},"Clean coal-fired boiler gas-side",[696,708,709],{},"~0.0005",[681,711,712,715],{},[696,713,714],{},"Fouled coal-fired economiser",[696,716,717],{},"0.001–0.003",[681,719,720,723],{},[696,721,722],{},"Heavily-fouled biomass \u002F WtE superheater",[696,724,725],{},"0.005+",[681,727,728,731],{},[696,729,730],{},"Acid-dew-point-corroded air heater",[696,732,733],{},"severe + corrosion",[55,735,736,737,740,741,407],{},"Doubling R_f roughly halves the ",[320,738,739],{},"useful"," heat-transfer coefficient for the surface, with proportional impact on ",[62,742,406],{"href":405},[90,744,746],{"id":745},"why-sonic-horns-matter-here","Why sonic horns matter here",[55,748,749,751],{},[62,750,135],{"href":134}," keep R_f close to its design value over the operating campaign by preventing the friable-to-bonded transition that drives R_f up. Plants commonly report 1–3% heat-rate improvement on retrofitting horns to a unit with established fouling drift.",[90,753,145],{"id":144},[95,755,756,760,764,769],{},[98,757,758],{},[62,759,47],{"href":187},[98,761,762],{},[62,763,153],{"href":152},[98,765,766],{},[62,767,768],{"href":405},"Heat rate",[98,770,771],{},[62,772,174],{"href":134},{"title":176,"searchDepth":177,"depth":177,"links":774},[775,776,777],{"id":669,"depth":177,"text":670},{"id":745,"depth":177,"text":746},{"id":144,"depth":177,"text":145},"Heat-transfer surface fouling is the engineering term for tube fouling viewed from the thermodynamic-impact angle. A fouling layer adds a thermal-resistance term in series with the underlying tube wall and the inside\u002Foutside film coefficients, reducing the overall heat-transfer coefficient (U) for the tube.",{},[781,182,782,192],"tube-fouling","heat-rate",{"title":784,"description":785},"Heat-transfer surface fouling — the economic-impact framing of tube fouling","Heat-transfer surface fouling describes tube fouling from the economic-impact angle: thermal-resistance addition that reduces heat absorption and degrades plant heat rate.",[787],{"title":198,"url":199},"glossary\u002Fheat-transfer-surface-fouling","HOgx9fE9OodHg7wlwZ1yOIB394kDR0pB_D6XdluG3VA",{"id":791,"title":174,"aliases":792,"body":795,"category":985,"description":986,"extension":184,"meta":987,"navigation":186,"path":134,"relatedTerms":988,"seo":994,"sources":997,"stem":1007,"term":174,"__hash__":1008},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[574,793,794],"sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":52,"value":796,"toc":978},[797,820,824,832,836,898,902,937,941,948,950],[55,798,517,799,802,803,807,808,66,810,66,813,66,815,559,818,407],{},[58,800,801],{},"sonic horn"," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[62,804,806],{"href":805},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[62,809,222],{"href":221},[62,811,226],{"href":812},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter",[62,814,230],{"href":229},[62,816,817],{"href":69},"boiler heat-transfer surfaces",[62,819,234],{"href":233},[90,821,823],{"id":822},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[55,825,826,827,831],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[62,828,830],{"href":829},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[90,833,835],{"id":834},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[675,837,838,848],{},[678,839,840],{},[681,841,842,845],{},[684,843,844],{},"Parameter",[684,846,847],{},"Typical range",[691,849,850,858,866,874,882,890],{},[681,851,852,855],{},[696,853,854],{},"Fundamental frequency",[696,856,857],{},"60–400 Hz",[681,859,860,863],{},[696,861,862],{},"Sound pressure level",[696,864,865],{},"140–180 dB",[681,867,868,871],{},[696,869,870],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[696,872,873],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[681,875,876,879],{},[696,877,878],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[696,880,881],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[681,883,884,887],{},[696,885,886],{},"Firing cycle",[696,888,889],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[681,891,892,895],{},[696,893,894],{},"Mass",[696,896,897],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[90,899,901],{"id":900},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[55,903,904,905,66,909,912,913,66,917,921,922,66,925,929,930,559,933,407],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[62,906,908],{"href":907},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[62,910,911],{"href":86},"recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[62,914,916],{"href":915},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[62,918,920],{"href":919},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[62,923,924],{"href":812},"fabric-filter compartments",[62,926,928],{"href":927},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[62,931,932],{"href":586},"low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[62,934,936],{"href":935},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[90,938,940],{"id":939},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[55,942,943,944,947],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[62,945,946],{"href":139},"steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[90,949,145],{"id":144},[95,951,952,957,961,967,973],{},[98,953,954],{},[62,955,956],{"href":805},"Acoustic cleaner",[98,958,959],{},[62,960,632],{"href":631},[98,962,963],{},[62,964,966],{"href":965},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[98,968,969],{},[62,970,972],{"href":971},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","Diaphragm horn",[98,974,975],{},[62,976,977],{"href":586},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":176,"searchDepth":177,"depth":177,"links":979},[980,981,982,983,984],{"id":822,"depth":177,"text":823},{"id":834,"depth":177,"text":835},{"id":900,"depth":177,"text":901},{"id":939,"depth":177,"text":940},{"id":144,"depth":177,"text":145},"core-technology","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[989,990,641,991,992,993],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":995,"description":996},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[998,1001,1004],{"title":999,"url":1000},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":1002,"url":1003},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":1005,"url":1006},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",1782613739599]