[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":866},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:pelletising-kiln":45,"glossary-related:pelletising-kiln":171},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":52,"category":151,"description":152,"extension":153,"meta":154,"navigation":155,"path":156,"relatedTerms":157,"seo":162,"sources":165,"stem":169,"term":47,"__hash__":170},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpelletising-kiln.md","Pelletising kiln",[49,50,51],"iron-ore pellet kiln","grate-kiln pelletiser","travelling-grate pelletiser",{"type":53,"value":54,"toc":144},"minimark",[55,78,83,104,108,115,119],[56,57,58,59,63,64,69,70,73,74,77],"p",{},"A ",[60,61,62],"strong",{},"pelletising kiln"," indurates green iron-ore pellets — typically 9–16 mm diameter, formed by tumbling iron-ore fines with binder — into hardened pellets that can be charged to a blast furnace or ",[65,66,68],"a",{"href":67},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdirect-reduced-iron","direct-reduction"," plant. The two dominant designs are the ",[60,71,72],{},"grate-kiln"," (travelling grate followed by rotary kiln and annular cooler) and the ",[60,75,76],{},"straight-grate"," (the entire process on one continuous travelling grate).",[79,80,82],"h2",{"id":81},"cleaning-targets","Cleaning targets",[84,85,86,93,98],"ul",{},[87,88,89,92],"li",{},[60,90,91],{},"Kiln-exhaust ESP or baghouse"," — iron-oxide dust laden with bentonite binder",[87,94,95],{},[60,96,97],{},"Cooler off-gas dust collection",[87,99,100,103],{},[60,101,102],{},"Pellet-handling silos and hoppers"," — discharge bridging",[79,105,107],{"id":106},"sonic-horn-fit","Sonic-horn fit",[56,109,110,114],{},[65,111,113],{"href":112},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," on pelletising-plant ESP and baghouse hoppers handle the fine, sticky iron-oxide-and-bentonite dust that conventional handling struggles with. Plants in iron-ore-producing regions (Brazil, Australia, Sweden, Canada, India, Russia, China) are growth markets for this duty.",[79,116,118],{"id":117},"related-terms","Related terms",[84,120,121,127,133,139],{},[87,122,123],{},[65,124,126],{"href":125},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","Electrostatic precipitator",[87,128,129],{},[65,130,132],{"href":131},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse","Baghouse",[87,134,135],{},[65,136,138],{"href":137},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frotary-kiln","Rotary kiln",[87,140,141],{},[65,142,143],{"href":112},"Sonic horn",{"title":145,"searchDepth":146,"depth":146,"links":147},"",2,[148,149,150],{"id":81,"depth":146,"text":82},{"id":106,"depth":146,"text":107},{"id":117,"depth":146,"text":118},"steel-refining","A pelletising kiln indurates green iron-ore pellets — typically 9–16 mm diameter, formed by tumbling iron-ore fines with binder — into hardened pellets that can be charged to a blast furnace or direct-reduction plant. The two dominant designs are the grate-kiln (travelling grate followed by rotary kiln and annular cooler) and the straight-grate (the entire process on one continuous travelling grate).","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpelletising-kiln",[158,159,160,161],"electrostatic-precipitator","baghouse","rotary-kiln","sonic-horn",{"title":163,"description":164},"Pelletising kiln — induration of iron-ore pellets for blast-furnace charge","A pelletising kiln indurates green iron-ore pellets into hardened pellets suitable for blast-furnace charging. Off-gas ESP and baghouse hopper cleaning are routine sonic-horn duties.",[166],{"title":167,"url":168},"Wikipedia — Iron ore pellets","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPelletizing","glossary\u002Fpelletising-kiln","BBGybgW9AyADCIE5N7Y1FrotpmX-Z41Udpy0LDu0m6g",[172,354,479,629],{"id":173,"title":174,"aliases":175,"body":179,"category":329,"description":330,"extension":153,"meta":331,"navigation":155,"path":125,"relatedTerms":332,"seo":339,"sources":342,"stem":352,"term":126,"__hash__":353},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator.md","Electrostatic precipitator (ESP)",[176,177,178],"ESP","electrostatic precipitators","dry ESP",{"type":53,"value":180,"toc":323},[181,197,201,219,223,259,263,295,297],[56,182,183,184,187,188,192,193,196],{},"An ",[60,185,186],{},"electrostatic precipitator (ESP)"," is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate matter from a flue-gas stream by electrostatically charging dust particles and collecting them on grounded plate electrodes. ESPs are the dominant particulate-control technology on coal-fired boilers, cement kilns, ",[65,189,191],{"href":190},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","waste-to-energy"," plants, ",[65,194,195],{"href":190},"biomass"," plants, sinter strands and many other heavy-industry off-gas streams.",[79,198,200],{"id":199},"how-an-esp-works","How an ESP works",[56,202,203,204,208,209,213,214,218],{},"Flue gas flows horizontally between a parallel array of vertical ",[65,205,207],{"href":206},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcollecting-electrode","collecting electrodes"," (plates) and ",[65,210,212],{"href":211},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdischarge-electrode","discharge electrodes"," (high-voltage wires or rigid spikes). A negative DC potential of 40–80 kV applied to the discharge electrodes generates a ",[65,215,217],{"href":216},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcorona-discharge","corona discharge"," that ionises the gas. Charged dust particles drift to the collecting plates, accumulate as a dust layer, are rapped down into hoppers below and removed by ash-handling equipment.",[79,220,222],{"id":221},"where-sonic-horns-fit","Where sonic horns fit",[56,224,225,226,230,231,233,234,238,239,243,244,248,249,253,254,258],{},"ESPs accumulate dust faster than mechanical rapping can release it, and hoppers below ESP fields routinely ",[65,227,229],{"href":228},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbridging","bridge"," and choke. ",[65,232,113],{"href":112}," installed on the ESP ",[65,235,237],{"href":236},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-penthouse","penthouse"," and on hopper walls keep dust dislodged, supplement ",[65,240,242],{"href":241},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-rapper","rappers",", prevent ",[65,245,247],{"href":246},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fback-corona","back-corona"," by limiting plate dust thickness, and eliminate hopper ",[65,250,252],{"href":251},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frat-holing","rat-holing"," without the structural fatigue of ",[65,255,257],{"href":256},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftumbling-hammer-rapper","tumbling-hammer rappers",".",[79,260,262],{"id":261},"common-failure-modes","Common failure modes",[84,264,265,271,277,283,289],{},[87,266,267,270],{},[60,268,269],{},"High opacity \u002F particulate emissions"," from thick dust layers reducing collection efficiency",[87,272,273,276],{},[60,274,275],{},"Back-corona"," in high-resistivity ash that reverses ionisation and collapses collection",[87,278,279,282],{},[60,280,281],{},"Re-entrainment"," as rapper puffs return dust to the gas stream",[87,284,285,288],{},[60,286,287],{},"Hopper bridging"," that stops ash extraction and triggers field shutdowns",[87,290,291,294],{},[60,292,293],{},"Discharge-electrode breakage"," from rapper fatigue or sparking",[79,296,118],{"id":117},[84,298,299,304,309,313,319],{},[87,300,301],{},[65,302,303],{"href":206},"Collecting electrode",[87,305,306],{},[65,307,308],{"href":211},"Discharge electrode",[87,310,311],{},[65,312,275],{"href":246},[87,314,315],{},[65,316,318],{"href":317},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-hopper","ESP hopper",[87,320,321],{},[65,322,143],{"href":112},{"title":145,"searchDepth":146,"depth":146,"links":324},[325,326,327,328],{"id":199,"depth":146,"text":200},{"id":221,"depth":146,"text":222},{"id":261,"depth":146,"text":262},{"id":117,"depth":146,"text":118},"esp","An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate matter from a flue-gas stream by electrostatically charging dust particles and collecting them on grounded plate electrodes. ESPs are the dominant particulate-control technology on coal-fired boilers, cement kilns, waste-to-energy plants, biomass plants, sinter strands and many other heavy-industry off-gas streams.",{},[333,334,335,336,337,338,247,161],"wet-esp","collecting-electrode","discharge-electrode","corona-discharge","esp-hopper","esp-rapper",{"title":340,"description":341},"Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) — how it works and how it fouls","An ESP removes particulate from flue gas by charging dust and collecting it on plate electrodes. Sonic horns are widely used to dislodge ash from plates and to keep hoppers from bridging.",[343,346,349],{"title":344,"url":345},"Wikipedia — Electrostatic precipitator","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElectrostatic_precipitator",{"title":347,"url":348},"EPA — Monitoring Knowledge Base: Electrostatic Precipitators","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.epa.gov\u002Fair-emissions-monitoring-knowledge-base\u002Fmonitoring-control-technique-electrostatic-precipitators",{"title":350,"url":351},"Babcock & Wilcox — Basics of ESP Operation","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fbasic-esp-operation","glossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","hT_C4hmid3iZaYWhLpiSJ2tBfL0bSJ-uhzn7TY4Vtj4",{"id":355,"title":132,"aliases":356,"body":360,"category":159,"description":463,"extension":153,"meta":464,"navigation":155,"path":131,"relatedTerms":465,"seo":470,"sources":473,"stem":477,"term":132,"__hash__":478},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse.md",[357,358,359],"baghouses","bag filter house","dust collector house",{"type":53,"value":361,"toc":458},[362,382,386,398,402,405,422,424],[56,363,58,364,366,367,371,372,376,377,381],{},[60,365,159],{}," is the structural enclosure that houses the bags, cages, cleaning system, ",[65,368,370],{"href":369},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftubesheet","tubesheet",", ",[65,373,375],{"href":374},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fplenum-clean-side-dirty-side","plenums"," and hoppers of a ",[65,378,380],{"href":379},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","fabric-filter"," dust collector. The word is used in both broad (\"the plant has a 12-compartment baghouse\") and narrow (\"a baghouse is the housing, the fabric filter is the system\") senses; in everyday industry practice the two terms overlap.",[79,383,385],{"id":384},"compartmented-design","Compartmented design",[56,387,388,389,393,394,397],{},"Large industrial baghouses are subdivided into several compartments — each with its own gas-flow damper — so that one compartment can be isolated for offline cleaning or bag replacement while the rest stay online. The standard ",[65,390,392],{"href":391},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpulse-jet-baghouse","pulse-jet"," compartment count for utility duty is 8–16; cement and ",[65,395,396],{"href":190},"WtE"," baghouses may run 20+.",[79,399,401],{"id":400},"why-sonic-horns-help","Why sonic horns help",[56,403,404],{},"Sonic horns mounted at compartment level address fouling that the primary cleaning system (pulse-jet, reverse-air or shaker) cannot reach:",[84,406,407,410,416,419],{},[87,408,409],{},"Bag-row dead zones at the back of the compartment",[87,411,412,415],{},[65,413,414],{"href":369},"Tubesheet"," area dust deposits",[87,417,418],{},"Hopper bridging below the bags",[87,420,421],{},"Inlet-plenum dust dropout",[79,423,118],{"id":117},[84,425,426,431,436,442,448,454],{},[87,427,428],{},[65,429,430],{"href":379},"Fabric filter",[87,432,433],{},[65,434,435],{"href":391},"Pulse-jet baghouse",[87,437,438],{},[65,439,441],{"href":440},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freverse-air-baghouse","Reverse-air baghouse",[87,443,444],{},[65,445,447],{"href":446},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fshaker-baghouse","Shaker baghouse",[87,449,450],{},[65,451,453],{"href":452},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcompartment-isolation","Compartment isolation",[87,455,456],{},[65,457,143],{"href":112},{"title":145,"searchDepth":146,"depth":146,"links":459},[460,461,462],{"id":384,"depth":146,"text":385},{"id":400,"depth":146,"text":401},{"id":117,"depth":146,"text":118},"A baghouse is the structural enclosure that houses the bags, cages, cleaning system, tubesheet, plenums and hoppers of a fabric-filter dust collector. The word is used in both broad (\"the plant has a 12-compartment baghouse\") and narrow (\"a baghouse is the housing, the fabric filter is the system\") senses; in everyday industry practice the two terms overlap.",{},[380,466,467,468,469,161],"pulse-jet-baghouse","reverse-air-baghouse","shaker-baghouse","compartment-isolation",{"title":471,"description":472},"Baghouse — vessel that houses fabric-filter bags for industrial dust control","A baghouse is the structural enclosure that holds the bags, cages, tubesheet, cleaning system and hoppers of a fabric-filter dust collector. Sized in compartments for online isolation.",[474],{"title":475,"url":476},"Wikipedia — Baghouse","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaghouse","glossary\u002Fbaghouse","TraeRQp5lNGOrkFkwjsoYRrhIIRrMkFonwryXyc1wGw",{"id":480,"title":138,"aliases":481,"body":484,"category":612,"description":613,"extension":153,"meta":614,"navigation":155,"path":137,"relatedTerms":615,"seo":620,"sources":623,"stem":627,"term":138,"__hash__":628},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Frotary-kiln.md",[482,483],"cement kiln","rotary cement kiln",{"type":53,"value":485,"toc":606},[486,497,501,519,523,526,530,533,570,575,577],[56,487,58,488,491,492,496],{},[60,489,490],{},"rotary kiln"," is a long (typically 50–100 m), large-diameter (typically 4–6 m), gently inclined rotating steel cylinder lined with refractory brick where preheated raw meal is burned at flame temperatures of ~2,000 °C and material temperatures of ~1,450 °C to form ",[65,493,495],{"href":494},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fclinker","clinker",". The rotary kiln is the heart of every cement plant.",[79,498,500],{"id":499},"layout","Layout",[56,502,503,504,508,509,513,514,518],{},"The kiln is fed at its upper end by raw meal pre-calcined in the ",[65,505,507],{"href":506},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-tower","preheater tower"," and ",[65,510,512],{"href":511},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcalciner","calciner",". The main burner fires at the lower (clinker discharge) end, opposing the gas flow direction. Discharged clinker falls into the ",[65,515,517],{"href":516},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fclinker-cooler","clinker cooler"," below.",[79,520,522],{"id":521},"why-kiln-stops-are-catastrophic","Why kiln stops are catastrophic",[56,524,525],{},"A cement kiln is designed for continuous operation. Stopping and restarting the kiln means cooling and re-heating massive refractory mass, which damages the lining and incurs substantial fuel cost. A typical unplanned kiln stop loses 24–72 hours of clinker production, equivalent to thousands of tonnes of lost output.",[79,527,529],{"id":528},"what-stops-the-kiln","What stops the kiln",[56,531,532],{},"Most unplanned kiln stops trace to upstream or downstream problems rather than the kiln itself:",[84,534,535,543,552,558,564],{},[87,536,537,540,541],{},[60,538,539],{},"Preheater pluggage"," — see ",[65,542,507],{"href":506},[87,544,545,551],{},[60,546,547],{},[65,548,550],{"href":549},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fkiln-inlet-ring-snowman","Kiln-inlet ring \u002F snowman"," formation",[87,553,554,557],{},[60,555,556],{},"Clinker cooler upset"," — bridging in the cooler hopper",[87,559,560,563],{},[60,561,562],{},"Calciner pluggage"," — accreted build-up from AFR firing",[87,565,566,569],{},[60,567,568],{},"ID-fan trip"," — fouled blades causing vibration",[56,571,572,574],{},[65,573,113],{"href":112}," installed across the preheater, calciner and kiln-inlet area address several of these directly.",[79,576,118],{"id":117},[84,578,579,584,589,595,600],{},[87,580,581],{},[65,582,583],{"href":494},"Clinker",[87,585,586],{},[65,587,588],{"href":516},"Clinker cooler",[87,590,591],{},[65,592,594],{"href":593},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fkiln-inlet-riser-duct","Kiln inlet \u002F riser duct",[87,596,597],{},[65,598,599],{"href":506},"Preheater tower",[87,601,602],{},[65,603,605],{"href":604},"\u002Fglossary\u002Falternative-fuel","Alternative fuel",{"title":145,"searchDepth":146,"depth":146,"links":607},[608,609,610,611],{"id":499,"depth":146,"text":500},{"id":521,"depth":146,"text":522},{"id":528,"depth":146,"text":529},{"id":117,"depth":146,"text":118},"cement","A rotary kiln is a long (typically 50–100 m), large-diameter (typically 4–6 m), gently inclined rotating steel cylinder lined with refractory brick where preheated raw meal is burned at flame temperatures of ~2,000 °C and material temperatures of ~1,450 °C to form clinker. The rotary kiln is the heart of every cement plant.",{},[495,616,617,618,619],"clinker-cooler","kiln-inlet-riser-duct","preheater-tower","alternative-fuel",{"title":621,"description":622},"Rotary kiln — the heart of the cement plant","A rotary kiln is a long inclined rotating cylinder where preheated raw meal is burned at 1,450 °C to form clinker. The heart of every cement plant.",[624],{"title":625,"url":626},"Wikipedia — Cement kiln","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCement_kiln","glossary\u002Frotary-kiln","MIYT9G3DCofPYVl4SqD8erG8mcl6gg4VWmUXfvLV0fc",{"id":630,"title":143,"aliases":631,"body":635,"category":841,"description":842,"extension":153,"meta":843,"navigation":155,"path":112,"relatedTerms":844,"seo":851,"sources":854,"stem":864,"term":143,"__hash__":865},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[632,633,634],"sonic horns","sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":53,"value":636,"toc":834},[637,665,669,677,681,749,753,790,794,802,804],[56,638,58,639,642,643,647,648,371,651,371,653,371,657,508,661,258],{},[60,640,641],{},"sonic horn"," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[65,644,646],{"href":645},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[65,649,650],{"href":125},"ESPs",[65,652,357],{"href":379},[65,654,656],{"href":655},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[65,658,660],{"href":659},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","boiler heat-transfer surfaces",[65,662,664],{"href":663},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",[79,666,668],{"id":667},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[56,670,671,672,676],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[65,673,675],{"href":674},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[79,678,680],{"id":679},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[682,683,684,697],"table",{},[685,686,687],"thead",{},[688,689,690,694],"tr",{},[691,692,693],"th",{},"Parameter",[691,695,696],{},"Typical range",[698,699,700,709,717,725,733,741],"tbody",{},[688,701,702,706],{},[703,704,705],"td",{},"Fundamental frequency",[703,707,708],{},"60–400 Hz",[688,710,711,714],{},[703,712,713],{},"Sound pressure level",[703,715,716],{},"140–180 dB",[688,718,719,722],{},[703,720,721],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[703,723,724],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[688,726,727,730],{},[703,728,729],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[703,731,732],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[688,734,735,738],{},[703,736,737],{},"Firing cycle",[703,739,740],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[688,742,743,746],{},[703,744,745],{},"Mass",[703,747,748],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[79,750,752],{"id":751},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[56,754,755,756,371,760,764,765,371,769,773,774,371,777,781,782,508,786,258],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[65,757,759],{"href":758},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[65,761,763],{"href":762},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[65,766,768],{"href":767},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[65,770,772],{"href":771},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[65,775,776],{"href":379},"fabric-filter compartments",[65,778,780],{"href":779},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[65,783,785],{"href":784},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[65,787,789],{"href":788},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[79,791,793],{"id":792},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[56,795,796,797,801],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[65,798,800],{"href":799},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[79,803,118],{"id":117},[84,805,806,811,817,823,829],{},[87,807,808],{},[65,809,810],{"href":645},"Acoustic cleaner",[87,812,813],{},[65,814,816],{"href":815},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",[87,818,819],{},[65,820,822],{"href":821},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[87,824,825],{},[65,826,828],{"href":827},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","Diaphragm horn",[87,830,831],{},[65,832,833],{"href":784},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":145,"searchDepth":146,"depth":146,"links":835},[836,837,838,839,840],{"id":667,"depth":146,"text":668},{"id":679,"depth":146,"text":680},{"id":751,"depth":146,"text":752},{"id":792,"depth":146,"text":793},{"id":117,"depth":146,"text":118},"core-technology","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[845,846,847,848,849,850],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","sonic-sootblower","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":852,"description":853},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[855,858,861],{"title":856,"url":857},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":859,"url":860},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":862,"url":863},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",1782613756979]