[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":590},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:iso-1996-environmental-noise":45,"glossary-related:iso-1996-environmental-noise":137},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":51,"category":118,"description":119,"extension":120,"meta":121,"navigation":122,"path":123,"relatedTerms":124,"seo":128,"sources":131,"stem":135,"term":49,"__hash__":136},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fiso-1996-environmental-noise.md","ISO 1996 (environmental noise)",[49,50],"ISO 1996","environmental noise standard",{"type":52,"value":53,"toc":112},"minimark",[54,63,68,87,91],[55,56,57,58,62],"p",{},"The ",[59,60,61],"strong",{},"ISO 1996 series"," specifies methods for describing, measuring and assessing environmental noise. It is widely used for community-noise impact assessments of industrial facilities, planning consents and post-installation noise verification.",[64,65,67],"h2",{"id":66},"why-it-matters-for-industrial-sonic-horn-installations","Why it matters for industrial sonic-horn installations",[55,69,70,71,76,77,81,82,86],{},"A ",[72,73,75],"a",{"href":74},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horn"," installation at a cement plant, ",[72,78,80],{"href":79},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","WtE"," facility or refinery can have audible impact at the site boundary, particularly during initial commissioning or with poor ",[72,83,85],{"href":84},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-attenuation-enclosure-sonic-horn","enclosure"," design. Planning consents and site environmental permits typically reference ISO 1996 methods for community-noise compliance assessment.",[64,88,90],{"id":89},"related-terms","Related terms",[92,93,94,101,107],"ul",{},[95,96,97],"li",{},[72,98,100],{"href":99},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-pressure-level","Sound pressure level",[95,102,103],{},[72,104,106],{"href":105},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdecibel","Decibel",[95,108,109],{},[72,110,111],{"href":84},"Sound-attenuation enclosure (sonic horn)",{"title":113,"searchDepth":114,"depth":114,"links":115},"",2,[116,117],{"id":66,"depth":114,"text":67},{"id":89,"depth":114,"text":90},"standards-regulations","The ISO 1996 series specifies methods for describing, measuring and assessing environmental noise. It is widely used for community-noise impact assessments of industrial facilities, planning consents and post-installation noise verification.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fiso-1996-environmental-noise",[125,126,127],"sound-pressure-level","decibel","sound-attenuation-enclosure-sonic-horn",{"title":129,"description":130},"ISO 1996 — international standard for environmental noise assessment","ISO 1996 series specifies methods for describing and measuring environmental noise. Used for assessing community noise from industrial facilities including sonic-horn installations.",[132],{"title":133,"url":134},"ISO — ISO 1996 series","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iso.org\u002Fstandard\u002F45713.html","glossary\u002Fiso-1996-environmental-noise","2Kx7apw0zqoLpElv10MrW1sF0JZRXIM1nyqJ6mHd6rU",[138,331,469],{"id":139,"title":140,"aliases":141,"body":144,"category":312,"description":313,"extension":120,"meta":314,"navigation":122,"path":99,"relatedTerms":315,"seo":319,"sources":322,"stem":329,"term":100,"__hash__":330},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-pressure-level.md","Sound pressure level (SPL)",[142,143],"SPL","sound pressure level dB",{"type":52,"value":145,"toc":306},[146,163,167,243,247,260,264,282,284],[55,147,148,150,151,154,155,157,158,162],{},[59,149,140],{}," is the logarithmic measure of sound pressure relative to the 20 µPa human-hearing reference, expressed in ",[72,152,153],{"href":105},"decibels",". It is the primary specification figure for any ",[72,156,75],{"href":74}," or ",[72,159,161],{"href":160},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the metric used to size noise-exposure controls at the work area.",[64,164,166],{"id":165},"industrial-reference-values","Industrial reference values",[168,169,170,183],"table",{},[171,172,173],"thead",{},[174,175,176,180],"tr",{},[177,178,179],"th",{},"SPL (dB)",[177,181,182],{},"Reference",[184,185,186,195,203,211,219,227,235],"tbody",{},[174,187,188,192],{},[189,190,191],"td",{},"0",[189,193,194],{},"Threshold of human hearing",[174,196,197,200],{},[189,198,199],{},"60",[189,201,202],{},"Normal conversation",[174,204,205,208],{},[189,206,207],{},"120",[189,209,210],{},"Threshold of pain",[174,212,213,216],{},[189,214,215],{},"140",[189,217,218],{},"Industrial sonic horn (lower-output models)",[174,220,221,224],{},[189,222,223],{},"160",[189,225,226],{},"Typical cement \u002F ESP sonic horn",[174,228,229,232],{},[189,230,231],{},"180",[189,233,234],{},"Upper limit of pneumatic industrial sonic horns",[174,236,237,240],{},[189,238,239],{},"194",[189,241,242],{},"Theoretical maximum for an undistorted sine wave in air",[64,244,246],{"id":245},"spl-and-cleaning-effectiveness","SPL and cleaning effectiveness",[55,248,249,250,254,255,259],{},"Cleaning energy scales with intensity, which doubles for every 3 dB rise. A 150 dB horn delivers roughly twice the energy of a 147 dB horn at the same distance. SPL is not, however, the only selection criterion: ",[72,251,253],{"href":252},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffrequency","frequency"," determines ",[72,256,258],{"href":257},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwavelength","wavelength"," and therefore penetration. A 150 dB low-frequency horn typically out-cleans a 160 dB high-frequency horn in a large open vessel.",[64,261,263],{"id":262},"spl-and-exposure","SPL and exposure",[55,265,266,267,271,272,276,277,281],{},"Reported nameplate SPL is measured at 1 m on the bell axis. Real exposure at the work area falls with distance per the ",[72,268,270],{"href":269},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finverse-square-law","inverse-square law"," and through enclosure attenuation. Compliance with ",[72,273,275],{"href":274},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fosha-29-cfr-1910-95","OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95"," and ",[72,278,280],{"href":279},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feu-directive-2003-10-ec","EU Directive 2003\u002F10\u002FEC"," is calculated from exposure, not from nameplate SPL.",[64,283,90],{"id":89},[92,285,286,290,295,301],{},[95,287,288],{},[72,289,106],{"href":105},[95,291,292],{},[72,293,294],{"href":252},"Frequency",[95,296,297],{},[72,298,300],{"href":299},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-power-vs-sound-pressure","Sound power vs sound pressure",[95,302,303],{},[72,304,305],{"href":269},"Inverse-square law",{"title":113,"searchDepth":114,"depth":114,"links":307},[308,309,310,311],{"id":165,"depth":114,"text":166},{"id":245,"depth":114,"text":246},{"id":262,"depth":114,"text":263},{"id":89,"depth":114,"text":90},"acoustics-physics","Sound pressure level (SPL) is the logarithmic measure of sound pressure relative to the 20 µPa human-hearing reference, expressed in decibels. It is the primary specification figure for any sonic horn or acoustic cleaner and the metric used to size noise-exposure controls at the work area.",{},[126,253,316,317,318],"sound-power-vs-sound-pressure","inverse-square-law","sonic-horn",{"title":320,"description":321},"Sound pressure level (SPL) — definition, industrial-cleaning ranges","SPL is the logarithmic measure of sound pressure in decibels relative to a 20 µPa reference. Industrial sonic horns operate at 140–180 dB SPL.",[323,326],{"title":324,"url":325},"Wikipedia — Sound pressure","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSound_pressure",{"title":327,"url":328},"Acoustical Society of America — Sound Pressure Level","https:\u002F\u002Fasastandards.org\u002F","glossary\u002Fsound-pressure-level","ayEoQNuJweSv9WGpwDPcx5CMESsbiPd4QPUpIoyQA6M",{"id":332,"title":333,"aliases":334,"body":336,"category":312,"description":456,"extension":120,"meta":457,"navigation":122,"path":105,"relatedTerms":458,"seo":460,"sources":463,"stem":467,"term":106,"__hash__":468},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fdecibel.md","Decibel (dB)",[335,153],"dB",{"type":52,"value":337,"toc":450},[338,344,348,351,355,420,424,432,434],[55,339,57,340,343],{},[59,341,342],{},"decibel (dB)"," is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio between two values of an acoustic quantity — most commonly sound pressure, sound intensity or sound power. A 10 dB increase represents a tenfold increase in intensity and a perceived roughly doubled loudness. A 3 dB increase represents a doubling of intensity.",[64,345,347],{"id":346},"why-a-logarithmic-scale","Why a logarithmic scale",[55,349,350],{},"Human hearing — and the practical range of industrial acoustic cleaning — spans more than ten orders of magnitude of sound pressure (20 µPa to several hundred Pa). A linear scale would be unwieldy. The logarithmic decibel compresses this into a tractable 0–180 dB band and aligns with how the ear actually responds to intensity changes.",[64,352,354],{"id":353},"reference-points","Reference points",[168,356,357,367],{},[171,358,359],{},[174,360,361,364],{},[177,362,363],{},"Value",[177,365,366],{},"Meaning",[184,368,369,377,385,393,401,412],{},[174,370,371,374],{},[189,372,373],{},"+3 dB",[189,375,376],{},"Sound intensity doubled",[174,378,379,382],{},[189,380,381],{},"+10 dB",[189,383,384],{},"Sound intensity ×10; perceived loudness roughly doubled",[174,386,387,390],{},[189,388,389],{},"+20 dB",[189,391,392],{},"Sound intensity ×100",[174,394,395,398],{},[189,396,397],{},"0 dB SPL",[189,399,400],{},"Reference threshold of hearing (20 µPa)",[174,402,403,406],{},[189,404,405],{},"140 dB SPL",[189,407,408,409,411],{},"Lower end of industrial ",[72,410,75],{"href":74}," output",[174,413,414,417],{},[189,415,416],{},"180 dB SPL",[189,418,419],{},"Upper end of pneumatic industrial cleaning horns",[64,421,423],{"id":422},"weighting","Weighting",[55,425,426,427,276,429,431],{},"For noise-exposure work, raw dB is often weighted to better reflect human hearing. A-weighting (dBA) is the standard for occupational-noise calculations under ",[72,428,275],{"href":274},[72,430,280],{"href":279},". C-weighting (dBC) is used for peak exposure to high-level impulsive sound.",[64,433,90],{"id":89},[92,435,436,440,444],{},[95,437,438],{},[72,439,100],{"href":99},[95,441,442],{},[72,443,294],{"href":252},[95,445,446],{},[72,447,449],{"href":448},"\u002Fglossary\u002Foctave-band","Octave band",{"title":113,"searchDepth":114,"depth":114,"links":451},[452,453,454,455],{"id":346,"depth":114,"text":347},{"id":353,"depth":114,"text":354},{"id":422,"depth":114,"text":423},{"id":89,"depth":114,"text":90},"The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio between two values of an acoustic quantity — most commonly sound pressure, sound intensity or sound power. A 10 dB increase represents a tenfold increase in intensity and a perceived roughly doubled loudness. A 3 dB increase represents a doubling of intensity.",{},[125,253,317,459],"octave-band",{"title":461,"description":462},"Decibel (dB) — logarithmic sound unit explained for industrial use","The decibel is a logarithmic ratio used to express sound pressure, sound intensity and sound power. A 10 dB rise represents a tenfold rise in intensity.",[464],{"title":465,"url":466},"Wikipedia — Decibel","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDecibel","glossary\u002Fdecibel","RnO0-e6FXXcqpL2fccyibxKPWKiXzYwQXLsx0a4VvbA",{"id":470,"title":111,"aliases":471,"body":475,"category":575,"description":576,"extension":120,"meta":577,"navigation":122,"path":84,"relatedTerms":578,"seo":581,"sources":584,"stem":588,"term":111,"__hash__":589},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-attenuation-enclosure-sonic-horn.md",[472,473,474],"sound enclosure","acoustic enclosure","noise-attenuation enclosure",{"type":52,"value":476,"toc":570},[477,496,500,514,518,549,551],[55,478,70,479,482,483,485,486,488,489,276,492,495],{},[59,480,481],{},"sound-attenuation enclosure"," surrounds a ",[72,484,75],{"href":74}," installation to reduce the external ",[72,487,142],{"href":99}," experienced at the operator station, walkways and plant boundary. Typical SPL reduction is 10–25 dB depending on enclosure design — significant enough to bring exposures within ",[72,490,491],{"href":274},"OSHA",[72,493,494],{"href":279},"EU 2003\u002F10\u002FEC"," action limits at most realistic operator distances.",[64,497,499],{"id":498},"when-enclosures-are-specified","When enclosures are specified",[92,501,502,505,508,511],{},[95,503,504],{},"Sonic horns mounted close to operator-access walkways or maintenance positions",[95,506,507],{},"Multi-horn arrays where cumulative SPL exceeds the limit even at modest distance",[95,509,510],{},"Plant boundaries close to residential or commercial property",[95,512,513],{},"Indoor installations where reflection raises ambient SPL",[64,515,517],{"id":516},"trade-offs","Trade-offs",[92,519,520,526,537,543],{},[95,521,522,525],{},[59,523,524],{},"Cost"," — enclosures typically add 10–20% to the installed cost of the horn system",[95,527,528,531,532,536],{},[59,529,530],{},"Maintenance access"," — must be designed to allow routine ",[72,533,535],{"href":534},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-replacement-sonic-horn","diaphragm replacement"," and inspection",[95,538,539,542],{},[59,540,541],{},"Thermal management"," — for hot-side installations, enclosure ventilation must prevent overheating of accessories",[95,544,545,548],{},[59,546,547],{},"Slight SPL reduction inside the vessel"," — usually marginal, but worth checking in marginal-coverage cases",[64,550,90],{"id":89},[92,552,553,558,562,566],{},[95,554,555],{},[72,556,557],{"href":74},"Sonic horn",[95,559,560],{},[72,561,100],{"href":99},[95,563,564],{},[72,565,275],{"href":274},[95,567,568],{},[72,569,280],{"href":279},{"title":113,"searchDepth":114,"depth":114,"links":571},[572,573,574],{"id":498,"depth":114,"text":499},{"id":516,"depth":114,"text":517},{"id":89,"depth":114,"text":90},"controls-ancillaries","A sound-attenuation enclosure surrounds a sonic horn installation to reduce the external SPL experienced at the operator station, walkways and plant boundary. Typical SPL reduction is 10–25 dB depending on enclosure design — significant enough to bring exposures within OSHA and EU 2003\u002F10\u002FEC action limits at most realistic operator distances.",{},[318,125,579,580],"osha-29-cfr-1910-95","eu-directive-2003-10-ec",{"title":582,"description":583},"Sound-attenuation enclosure — reduces sonic-horn noise at the work area","A sound-attenuation enclosure surrounds the sonic horn to reduce SPL at the operator station. Typical 10–25 dB reduction; required where horn proximity exceeds OSHA \u002F EU action levels.",[585],{"title":586,"url":587},"Wikipedia — Noise control","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNoise_control","glossary\u002Fsound-attenuation-enclosure-sonic-horn","FR-H0qOqUvf8TGgdJbftenNX1Kg25JjWSxU9992_BLY",1782613755100]