[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":716},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:inconel-625-718":45,"glossary-related:inconel-625-718":264},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":53,"category":243,"description":244,"extension":245,"meta":246,"navigation":247,"path":248,"relatedTerms":249,"seo":254,"sources":257,"stem":261,"term":262,"__hash__":263},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Finconel-625-718.md","Inconel 625 \u002F 718",[49,50,51,52],"Inconel 625","Inconel 718","alloy 625","alloy 718",{"type":54,"value":55,"toc":236},"minimark",[56,82,87,163,167,208,212],[57,58,59,62,63,65,66,71,72,76,77,81],"p",{},[60,61,49],"strong",{}," and ",[60,64,50],{}," are nickel-based superalloys (trademarks of Special Metals Corporation) used for industrial ",[67,68,70],"a",{"href":69},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horn"," bells and ",[67,73,75],{"href":74},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","diaphragms"," in hot-side service above ~500 °C continuous temperature, where ",[67,78,80],{"href":79},"\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-316-316l-stainless","AISI 316"," would lose mechanical strength.",[83,84,86],"h2",{"id":85},"properties","Properties",[88,89,90,104],"table",{},[91,92,93],"thead",{},[94,95,96,100,102],"tr",{},[97,98,99],"th",{},"Property",[97,101,49],{},[97,103,50],{},[105,106,107,119,130,141,152],"tbody",{},[94,108,109,113,116],{},[110,111,112],"td",{},"Composition",[110,114,115],{},"Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb",[110,117,118],{},"Ni-Cr-Fe with age-hardening",[94,120,121,124,127],{},[110,122,123],{},"Continuous service",[110,125,126],{},"up to ~980 °C",[110,128,129],{},"up to ~700 °C",[94,131,132,135,138],{},[110,133,134],{},"Strength",[110,136,137],{},"High at moderate temp",[110,139,140],{},"Highest at moderate-high temp",[94,142,143,146,149],{},[110,144,145],{},"Cost vs 316",[110,147,148],{},"5–10×",[110,150,151],{},"4–8×",[94,153,154,157,160],{},[110,155,156],{},"Best application",[110,158,159],{},"Sustained high-temp duty",[110,161,162],{},"Strength-critical components",[83,164,166],{"id":165},"where-inconel-is-specified","Where Inconel is specified",[168,169,170,178,185,192,200],"ul",{},[171,172,173,177],"li",{},[67,174,176],{"href":175},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhot-side-esp-cold-side-esp","Hot-side ESP"," penthouses (300–400 °C continuous)",[171,179,180,184],{},[67,181,183],{"href":182},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR reactor"," horn installations (300–400 °C)",[171,186,187,191],{},[67,188,190],{"href":189},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","Recovery-boiler"," superheater area",[171,193,194,195,199],{},"Cement ",[67,196,198],{"href":197},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fkiln-inlet-riser-duct","kiln-inlet"," horns",[171,201,202,203,207],{},"Some ",[67,204,206],{"href":205},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","WtE"," high-chloride hot zones",[83,209,211],{"id":210},"related-terms","Related terms",[168,213,214,219,225,231],{},[171,215,216],{},[67,217,218],{"href":79},"AISI 316 \u002F 316L stainless",[171,220,221],{},[67,222,224],{"href":223},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhastelloy","Hastelloy",[171,226,227],{},[67,228,230],{"href":229},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[171,232,233],{},[67,234,235],{"href":74},"Diaphragm horn",{"title":237,"searchDepth":238,"depth":238,"links":239},"",2,[240,241,242],{"id":85,"depth":238,"text":86},{"id":165,"depth":238,"text":166},{"id":210,"depth":238,"text":211},"materials-construction","Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 are nickel-based superalloys (trademarks of Special Metals Corporation) used for industrial sonic horn bells and diaphragms in hot-side service above ~500 °C continuous temperature, where AISI 316 would lose mechanical strength.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Finconel-625-718",[250,251,252,253],"aisi-316-316l-stainless","hastelloy","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn",{"title":255,"description":256},"Inconel 625 and 718 — high-temperature nickel alloys for hot-side sonic horns","Inconel 625 and 718 are nickel-based superalloys used for sonic-horn bells and diaphragms in hot-side service above 500 °C, including SCR reactors and recovery boilers.",[258],{"title":259,"url":260},"Wikipedia — Inconel","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInconel","glossary\u002Finconel-625-718","Inconel 625 and 718","Ssdz4mZD6ZPUUt3YE6JXlG1foSyU0cQxc63WlTlZQSI",[265,395,470,612],{"id":266,"title":218,"aliases":267,"body":272,"category":243,"description":380,"extension":245,"meta":381,"navigation":247,"path":79,"relatedTerms":382,"seo":385,"sources":388,"stem":392,"term":393,"__hash__":394},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-316-316l-stainless.md",[268,269,270,271],"316 stainless","316L stainless","SS 316","SS 316L",{"type":54,"value":273,"toc":375},[274,289,293,323,327,348,355,357],[57,275,276,278,279,282,283,285,286,288],{},[60,277,80],{}," (and the low-carbon variant ",[60,280,281],{},"316L",") is the molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel that serves as the workhorse construction material for industrial ",[67,284,70],{"href":69}," bells, ",[67,287,75],{"href":74}," and mounting flanges in moderate-temperature service.",[83,290,292],{"id":291},"key-properties","Key properties",[168,294,295,306,312,317],{},[171,296,297,300,301,305],{},[60,298,299],{},"Molybdenum"," (~2–3%) provides improved corrosion resistance over ",[67,302,304],{"href":303},"\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-304","AISI 304",", particularly against chloride pitting",[171,307,308,311],{},[60,309,310],{},"Continuous service temperature"," typically up to 870 °C (intermittent), 450–550 °C (continuous mechanical)",[171,313,314,316],{},[60,315,281],{}," has reduced carbon content (≤0.03%) — preferred where welding is involved to avoid carbide precipitation",[171,318,319,322],{},[60,320,321],{},"Cost premium"," of 30–60% over 304, modest in absolute terms for sonic-horn manufacture",[83,324,326],{"id":325},"where-316-is-the-right-choice","Where 316 is the right choice",[168,328,329,339,342,345],{},[171,330,331,332,334,335,338],{},"Cement, ",[67,333,206],{"href":205},", ",[67,336,337],{"href":205},"biomass"," duty — chloride-bearing environments where 304 would pit",[171,340,341],{},"Food-and-beverage process applications",[171,343,344],{},"Cold-end boiler service where mild sulphuric-acid condensation occurs",[171,346,347],{},"General hazardous-area dust-handling applications",[57,349,350,351,354],{},"For higher temperatures or aggressive chloride corrosion, ",[67,352,353],{"href":248},"Inconel 625 or 718"," is the next step up.",[83,356,211],{"id":210},[168,358,359,363,367,371],{},[171,360,361],{},[67,362,304],{"href":303},[171,364,365],{},[67,366,47],{"href":248},[171,368,369],{},[67,370,230],{"href":229},[171,372,373],{},[67,374,235],{"href":74},{"title":237,"searchDepth":238,"depth":238,"links":376},[377,378,379],{"id":291,"depth":238,"text":292},{"id":325,"depth":238,"text":326},{"id":210,"depth":238,"text":211},"AISI 316 (and the low-carbon variant 316L) is the molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel that serves as the workhorse construction material for industrial sonic horn bells, diaphragms and mounting flanges in moderate-temperature service.",{},[383,384,252,253],"aisi-304","inconel-625-718",{"title":386,"description":387},"AISI 316 \u002F 316L stainless steel — workhorse material for sonic horn construction","AISI 316 \u002F 316L molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel is the workhorse material for industrial sonic-horn bells, diaphragms and mountings in moderate-temperature service.",[389],{"title":390,"url":391},"Wikipedia — Marine grade stainless","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMarine_grade_stainless","glossary\u002Faisi-316-316l-stainless","AISI 316 and 316L stainless steel","u56u16DGkPcwVS8Crs56ZEC6WpztlyjGjrGuf97rC6w",{"id":396,"title":224,"aliases":397,"body":400,"category":243,"description":458,"extension":245,"meta":459,"navigation":247,"path":223,"relatedTerms":460,"seo":461,"sources":464,"stem":468,"term":224,"__hash__":469},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fhastelloy.md",[398,399],"Hastelloy C276","Hastelloy C22",{"type":54,"value":401,"toc":454},[402,412,416,425,439,442,444],[57,403,404,406,407,62,409,411],{},[60,405,224],{}," (trademark of Haynes International) is a family of nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloys with extreme corrosion resistance in chloride-bearing, acidic and reducing environments. The most common grades for sonic-horn service are ",[60,408,398],{},[60,410,399],{},".",[83,413,415],{"id":414},"where-it-earns-its-premium","Where it earns its premium",[57,417,418,421,422,424],{},[67,419,420],{"href":79},"AISI 316 \u002F 316L"," handles the majority of industrial sonic-horn corrosion duty. ",[67,423,47],{"href":248}," handles high-temperature service. Hastelloy is specified where neither suffices — typically:",[168,426,427,433,436],{},[171,428,429,430,432],{},"Severe chloride environments (some ",[67,431,206],{"href":205}," and chemical process duties)",[171,434,435],{},"Wet acidic gas exposure",[171,437,438],{},"Specific chemical-process applications",[57,440,441],{},"Hastelloy carries a substantial cost premium (10–15× over 316) and is reserved for cases where lesser materials demonstrably fail.",[83,443,211],{"id":210},[168,445,446,450],{},[171,447,448],{},[67,449,47],{"href":248},[171,451,452],{},[67,453,218],{"href":79},{"title":237,"searchDepth":238,"depth":238,"links":455},[456,457],{"id":414,"depth":238,"text":415},{"id":210,"depth":238,"text":211},"Hastelloy (trademark of Haynes International) is a family of nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloys with extreme corrosion resistance in chloride-bearing, acidic and reducing environments. The most common grades for sonic-horn service are Hastelloy C276 and Hastelloy C22.",{},[384,250],{"title":462,"description":463},"Hastelloy — corrosion-resistant nickel alloys for severe sonic-horn service","Hastelloy (C276, C22) is a family of nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloys with extreme corrosion resistance. Specified for sonic horns in severe chloride-bearing or acidic service.",[465],{"title":466,"url":467},"Wikipedia — Hastelloy","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHastelloy","glossary\u002Fhastelloy","-ep6lZHvUl7qIDi8G4TTvUOKU6H5eEKpTKws6NbA9AY",{"id":471,"title":230,"aliases":472,"body":476,"category":593,"description":594,"extension":245,"meta":595,"navigation":247,"path":229,"relatedTerms":596,"seo":600,"sources":603,"stem":610,"term":230,"__hash__":611},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn.md",[473,474,475],"bell-shaped horn","exponential bell horn","exponential horn",{"type":54,"value":477,"toc":588},[478,497,501,517,521,564,566],[57,479,480,481,484,485,487,488,491,492,496],{},"A ",[60,482,483],{},"bell horn"," is the conical or exponential flare bolted to the driver of an industrial ",[67,486,70],{"href":69},". Its job is to transform the high-impedance, small-area pressure pulse from the ",[67,489,490],{"href":74},"diaphragm"," or ",[67,493,495],{"href":494},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpiston-whistle-horn","piston-whistle"," into a lower-impedance, larger-area sound wave that couples efficiently into the gas inside the vessel.",[83,498,500],{"id":499},"why-the-geometry-matters","Why the geometry matters",[57,502,503,504,508,509,491,513,516],{},"The bell is not decorative. Its flare profile — usually exponential, sometimes catenoidal or tractrix — sets the horn's cut-off frequency: below the cut-off, the bell stops behaving as a horn and the radiated sound power collapses. A 60 Hz ",[67,505,507],{"href":506},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner"," therefore needs a physically larger bell than a 230 Hz unit, which is why low-frequency horns are noticeably bulkier and heavier. Mounting orientation, flange standard (",[67,510,512],{"href":511},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fflange-standards-dn-ansi","DN",[67,514,515],{"href":511},"ANSI 150",") and the bell's projection distance into the vessel are all selected to match the cleaning target geometry.",[83,518,520],{"id":519},"materials","Materials",[168,522,523,537,545],{},[171,524,525,528,529,62,533],{},[60,526,527],{},"Carbon steel"," for ambient-temperature mounting on cool-side ducts, ",[67,530,532],{"href":531},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",[67,534,536],{"href":535},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers",[171,538,539,544],{},[60,540,541],{},[67,542,543],{"href":79},"316 stainless steel"," for corrosive or food-grade environments",[171,546,547,551,552,334,555,559,560,563],{},[60,548,549],{},[67,550,353],{"href":248}," for hot-side service above 350 °C, including ",[67,553,554],{"href":182},"SCR reactors",[67,556,558],{"href":557},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heater"," penthouses and ",[67,561,562],{"href":189},"recovery-boiler"," flue paths",[83,565,211],{"id":210},[168,567,568,573,577,582],{},[171,569,570],{},[67,571,572],{"href":69},"Sonic horn",[171,574,575],{},[67,576,235],{"href":74},[171,578,579],{},[67,580,581],{"href":494},"Piston-whistle horn",[171,583,584],{},[67,585,587],{"href":586},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-horn","Acoustic horn",{"title":237,"searchDepth":238,"depth":238,"links":589},[590,591,592],{"id":499,"depth":238,"text":500},{"id":519,"depth":238,"text":520},{"id":210,"depth":238,"text":211},"core-technology","A bell horn is the conical or exponential flare bolted to the driver of an industrial sonic horn. Its job is to transform the high-impedance, small-area pressure pulse from the diaphragm or piston-whistle into a lower-impedance, larger-area sound wave that couples efficiently into the gas inside the vessel.",{},[597,253,598,599],"sonic-horn","piston-whistle-horn","acoustic-horn",{"title":601,"description":602},"Bell horn — definition, geometry and role in acoustic cleaning","A bell horn is the conical or exponential flare that amplifies and projects sound from an industrial sonic horn's driver into the vessel being cleaned.",[604,607],{"title":605,"url":606},"Wikipedia — Horn (acoustic)","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHorn_(acoustic)",{"title":608,"url":609},"Power Magazine — The Theory and Application of Acoustic Cleaners","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.powermag.com\u002Fthe-theory-and-application-of-acoustic-cleaners\u002F","glossary\u002Fbell-horn","gKEabZrcxtpNiaEXB65PC50sPq3KHeDc-fyn9OvYp4I",{"id":613,"title":235,"aliases":614,"body":617,"category":593,"description":699,"extension":245,"meta":700,"navigation":247,"path":74,"relatedTerms":701,"seo":704,"sources":707,"stem":714,"term":235,"__hash__":715},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn.md",[615,616],"diaphragm sonic horn","diaphragm-driven horn",{"type":54,"value":618,"toc":693},[619,638,642,650,654,657,661,672,674],[57,620,480,621,624,625,627,628,491,632,634,635,637],{},[60,622,623],{},"diaphragm horn"," is a ",[67,626,70],{"href":69}," in which the cleaning sound is produced by a metal diaphragm vibrating at its design frequency under pulsed compressed-air pressure. The diaphragm — typically ",[67,629,631],{"href":630},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftitanium-diaphragm","titanium",[67,633,543],{"href":79}," — sits between the air-supply chamber and the throat of the ",[67,636,483],{"href":229}," and is the part most exposed to wear.",[83,639,641],{"id":640},"how-it-generates-sound","How it generates sound",[57,643,644,645,649],{},"Compressed air admitted by a ",[67,646,648],{"href":647},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," raises pressure behind the diaphragm. At the design frequency the diaphragm flexes inward, vents the chamber, snaps back under spring tension, re-pressurises and repeats — a self-sustaining oscillation that converts steady air supply into a tonal acoustic output. The bell then amplifies and projects the wave into the vessel.",[83,651,653],{"id":652},"why-it-dominates-the-market","Why it dominates the market",[57,655,656],{},"Most low-to-mid-frequency industrial sonic horns are diaphragm-driven because the design is mechanically simple, tolerates rough industrial air, sustains 140 to 180 dB output without auxiliary power, and the only routine wear part — the diaphragm — is field-replaceable in under an hour. Titanium diaphragms typically last three to five years under normal duty before output drift signals a replacement.",[83,658,660],{"id":659},"diaphragm-horn-vs-piston-whistle-horn","Diaphragm horn vs piston-whistle horn",[57,662,663,666,667,671],{},[67,664,665],{"href":494},"Piston-whistle horns"," use a moving piston-and-whistle assembly rather than a flexing diaphragm. They tend to operate at higher frequencies and shorter dwell times, suit fine dust loads in ",[67,668,670],{"href":669},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","fabric filters",", and have a different wear profile. Diaphragm horns dominate the 60–250 Hz band; piston-whistle and related designs are more common above 250 Hz.",[83,673,211],{"id":210},[168,675,676,680,684,688],{},[171,677,678],{},[67,679,572],{"href":69},[171,681,682],{},[67,683,230],{"href":229},[171,685,686],{},[67,687,581],{"href":494},[171,689,690],{},[67,691,692],{"href":630},"Titanium diaphragm",{"title":237,"searchDepth":238,"depth":238,"links":694},[695,696,697,698],{"id":640,"depth":238,"text":641},{"id":652,"depth":238,"text":653},{"id":659,"depth":238,"text":660},{"id":210,"depth":238,"text":211},"A diaphragm horn is a sonic horn in which the cleaning sound is produced by a metal diaphragm vibrating at its design frequency under pulsed compressed-air pressure. The diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless steel — sits between the air-supply chamber and the throat of the bell horn and is the part most exposed to wear.",{},[597,252,598,702,703],"titanium-diaphragm","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":705,"description":706},"Diaphragm horn — driver type, materials and typical frequencies","A diaphragm horn is a sonic horn whose sound is generated by a vibrating titanium or stainless-steel diaphragm driven by pulsed compressed air. The dominant form-factor for low-frequency industrial cleaning.",[708,711],{"title":709,"url":710},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":712,"url":713},"Wikipedia — Acoustic cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAcoustic_cleaning","glossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","dtvm3Iiw8hZJrGOuS4cubbp0rZvl9thGaUD53Ulu_k4",1782613747196]