[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":726},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:hog-fuel":45,"glossary-related:hog-fuel":172},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":52,"category":153,"description":154,"extension":155,"meta":156,"navigation":157,"path":158,"relatedTerms":159,"seo":163,"sources":166,"stem":170,"term":47,"__hash__":171},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel.md","Hog fuel",[49,50,51],"hogged fuel","mill residues","bark fuel",{"type":53,"value":54,"toc":145},"minimark",[55,62,67,76,80,105,109,122,126],[56,57,58,61],"p",{},[59,60,47],"strong",{}," is the coarse, mixed wood-residue stream — bark, chips, sawdust, screen rejects, urban-arisings green waste — burned in pulp-mill bark boilers and biomass side boilers. The name comes from the \"hog\" mill that shreds raw wood waste into a burnable consistency.",[63,64,66],"h2",{"id":65},"composition-and-variability","Composition and variability",[56,68,69,70,75],{},"Hog fuel composition is even more variable than ",[71,72,74],"a",{"href":73},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwood-pellet","wood pellets"," because no densification or sorting standardises it. Moisture content swings from 30% (kiln-dried sawmill residues) to 60% (fresh winter bark). Ash content and alkali loading vary with bark fraction (high alkali) versus wood fraction (lower).",[63,77,79],{"id":78},"where-it-burns","Where it burns",[81,82,83,91,94,97],"ul",{},[84,85,86,90],"li",{},[71,87,89],{"href":88},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler","Hog-fuel boilers \u002F bark boilers"," at pulp mills",[84,92,93],{},"Standalone biomass boilers at sawmills and forest-products operations",[84,95,96],{},"Smaller WtE \u002F biomass cogeneration plants",[84,98,99,100,104],{},"Co-fired with ",[71,101,103],{"href":102},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpc-boiler","coal"," or wood pellets",[63,106,108],{"id":107},"fouling","Fouling",[56,110,111,112,116,117,121],{},"Hog-fuel ash slags moderately on the radiant section and fouls the convective pass. ",[71,113,115],{"href":114},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," on the convective pass and ",[71,118,120],{"href":119},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air-heater"," cold end are standard cleaning equipment.",[63,123,125],{"id":124},"related-terms","Related terms",[81,127,128,133,139],{},[84,129,130],{},[71,131,132],{"href":88},"Hog-fuel boiler \u002F bark boiler",[84,134,135],{},[71,136,138],{"href":137},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","Recovery boiler",[84,140,141],{},[71,142,144],{"href":143},"\u002Fglossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash","Alkali metals in ash",{"title":146,"searchDepth":147,"depth":147,"links":148},"",2,[149,150,151,152],{"id":65,"depth":147,"text":66},{"id":78,"depth":147,"text":79},{"id":107,"depth":147,"text":108},{"id":124,"depth":147,"text":125},"wte-biomass","Hog fuel is the coarse, mixed wood-residue stream — bark, chips, sawdust, screen rejects, urban-arisings green waste — burned in pulp-mill bark boilers and biomass side boilers. The name comes from the \"hog\" mill that shreds raw wood waste into a burnable consistency.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel",[160,161,162],"hog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler","recovery-boiler","alkali-metals-in-ash",{"title":164,"description":165},"Hog fuel — coarse wood waste burned in pulp-mill side boilers","Hog fuel is the coarse, mixed wood-residue stream — bark, chips, sawdust, screenings — burned in pulp-mill bark boilers and biomass side boilers.",[167],{"title":168,"url":169},"Wikipedia — Hog fuel","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHog_fuel","glossary\u002Fhog-fuel","UMOhsxi4UPh2w2Gs-g4zmPdawGrl9e1amNaaBwtsFmo",[173,345,532],{"id":174,"title":132,"aliases":175,"body":179,"category":328,"description":329,"extension":155,"meta":330,"navigation":157,"path":88,"relatedTerms":331,"seo":335,"sources":338,"stem":342,"term":343,"__hash__":344},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler.md",[176,177,178],"hog fuel boiler","bark boiler","power boiler (pulp mill)",{"type":53,"value":180,"toc":322},[181,200,204,254,258,284,288,293,295],[56,182,183,184,187,188,190,191,195,196,199],{},"A ",[59,185,186],{},"hog-fuel boiler"," (or ",[59,189,177],{},", sometimes generically ",[192,193,194],"em",{},"power boiler",") is a biomass-fired auxiliary boiler installed at most pulp and paper mills to burn wood waste, bark, sawdust and screened biomass residues, supplying additional steam and electricity alongside the ",[71,197,198],{"href":137},"kraft recovery boiler",".",[63,201,203],{"id":202},"combustion-types","Combustion types",[205,206,207,220],"table",{},[208,209,210],"thead",{},[211,212,213,217],"tr",{},[214,215,216],"th",{},"Type",[214,218,219],{},"Fuel handling",[221,222,223,232,243],"tbody",{},[211,224,225,229],{},[226,227,228],"td",{},"Grate-fired",[226,230,231],{},"Older designs, simple, tolerates wet fuel",[211,233,234,240],{},[226,235,236],{},[71,237,239],{"href":238},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbfb-boiler","BFB",[226,241,242],{},"Common modern design for variable biomass",[211,244,245,251],{},[226,246,247],{},[71,248,250],{"href":249},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcfb-boiler","CFB",[226,252,253],{},"Larger capacity, broader fuel flexibility",[63,255,257],{"id":256},"fouling-characteristics","Fouling characteristics",[81,259,260,263,266,273],{},[84,261,262],{},"Alkali- and chloride-rich ash from bark and forest residues",[84,264,265],{},"High variability in fuel moisture and composition",[84,267,268,269],{},"Slagging on first-pass tubes; bonded ash on ",[71,270,272],{"href":271},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","superheaters",[84,274,275,276,280,281],{},"Cold-end build-up on the ",[71,277,279],{"href":278},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser","economiser"," and ",[71,282,283],{"href":119},"air heater",[63,285,287],{"id":286},"sonic-horn-fit","Sonic-horn fit",[56,289,290,292],{},[71,291,115],{"href":114}," are well established on hog-fuel-boiler convective passes; the OEM aftermarket teams that serve recovery boilers also typically include hog-fuel cleaning in the same service contract.",[63,294,125],{"id":124},[81,296,297,303,308,313,317],{},[84,298,299],{},[71,300,302],{"href":301},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler","Boiler",[84,304,305],{},[71,306,307],{"href":238},"BFB boiler",[84,309,310],{},[71,311,312],{"href":249},"CFB boiler",[84,314,315],{},[71,316,138],{"href":137},[84,318,319],{},[71,320,321],{"href":271},"Superheater",{"title":146,"searchDepth":147,"depth":147,"links":323},[324,325,326,327],{"id":202,"depth":147,"text":203},{"id":256,"depth":147,"text":257},{"id":286,"depth":147,"text":287},{"id":124,"depth":147,"text":125},"boiler","A hog-fuel boiler (or bark boiler, sometimes generically power boiler) is a biomass-fired auxiliary boiler installed at most pulp and paper mills to burn wood waste, bark, sawdust and screened biomass residues, supplying additional steam and electricity alongside the kraft recovery boiler.",{},[328,332,333,161,334],"bfb-boiler","cfb-boiler","superheater",{"title":336,"description":337},"Hog-fuel boiler — biomass side boiler at pulp and paper mills","A hog-fuel or bark boiler burns wood residues, bark and screened biomass to provide auxiliary steam at pulp mills, complementing the kraft recovery boiler.",[339],{"title":340,"url":341},"Power Engineering — Boiler Cleaning Methods","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Foperations-maintenance\u002Fboiler-cleaning-methods-techniques\u002F","glossary\u002Fhog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler","Hog-fuel boiler and bark boiler","2KrXPUxJ_G0sFcAwUO2PU9rban8jiTajvilT5OlL89g",{"id":346,"title":138,"aliases":347,"body":350,"category":328,"description":514,"extension":155,"meta":515,"navigation":157,"path":137,"relatedTerms":516,"seo":520,"sources":523,"stem":530,"term":138,"__hash__":531},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler.md",[198,348,349],"black-liquor recovery boiler","BLRB",{"type":53,"value":351,"toc":508},[352,367,371,378,410,421,425,455,459,467,469],[56,353,183,354,357,358,360,361,363,364,366],{},[59,355,356],{},"recovery boiler"," (also ",[192,359,198],{},", ",[192,362,348],{},", or ",[192,365,349],{},") is a unique industrial boiler at the centre of every kraft pulp mill. It burns concentrated black liquor — the spent cooking-chemicals stream — to generate steam, electrical power and to recover the sodium and sulphur compounds that re-enter the pulping cycle as smelt. Recovery boilers are large, complex, expensive and irreplaceable to mill operation.",[63,368,370],{"id":369},"the-iconic-sonic-horn-application","The iconic sonic-horn application",[56,372,373,374,377],{},"Recovery boilers are the iconic application for ",[71,375,376],{"href":114},"sonic horns",". Three features combine to make them so:",[81,379,380,393,404],{},[84,381,382,385,386,280,388,392],{},[59,383,384],{},"Sticky, alkali-rich ash"," — sodium-sulphate carry-over deposits aggressively on ",[71,387,334],{"href":271},[71,389,391],{"href":390},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fgenerating-bank","generating-bank"," tubes",[84,394,395,398,399,403],{},[59,396,397],{},"Long-run-time targets"," — mills target 12–18 months between ",[71,400,402],{"href":401},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fchill-and-blow","chill-and-blow"," wash cycles, and every extra week of run time is worth tens of thousands of dollars",[84,405,406,409],{},[59,407,408],{},"Deep cavities"," — the superheater bundles are tall and bafflingly inaccessible to short-throw cleaning",[56,411,412,413,415,416,420],{},"Both conventional ",[71,414,376],{"href":114}," at 60–125 Hz and ",[71,417,419],{"href":418},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finfrasonic-cleaner","infrasonic cleaners"," below 30 Hz are deployed on recovery boilers. Major OEM aftermarket teams (ANDRITZ, Valmet, Babcock & Wilcox Vølund) all integrate acoustic cleaning into their service portfolios.",[63,422,424],{"id":423},"other-applications-inside-the-recovery-island","Other applications inside the recovery island",[81,426,427,433,439,449],{},[84,428,429,432],{},[59,430,431],{},"ESP hoppers"," — sodium-rich fly-ash bridging",[84,434,435,438],{},[59,436,437],{},"Economiser pluggage"," — salt-cake build-up on tube bundles",[84,440,441,444,445],{},[59,442,443],{},"Lime kiln preheater"," — see ",[71,446,448],{"href":447},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flime-kiln","lime kiln",[84,450,451,454],{},[59,452,453],{},"Smelt dissolving tank"," vent stack — sodium-fume build-up",[63,456,458],{"id":457},"safety","Safety",[56,460,461,462,466],{},"Recovery-boiler operations are governed by ",[71,463,465],{"href":464},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fblrbac","BLRBAC"," Recommended Good Practices. Any cleaning intervention — including acoustic — is reviewed against BLRBAC water-side-incident and emergency-shutdown protocols.",[63,468,125],{"id":124},[81,470,471,475,480,484,489,494,498,503],{},[84,472,473],{},[71,474,302],{"href":301},[84,476,477],{},[71,478,479],{"href":390},"Generating bank",[84,481,482],{},[71,483,321],{"href":271},[84,485,486],{},[71,487,488],{"href":278},"Economiser",[84,490,491],{},[71,492,493],{"href":401},"Chill-and-blow",[84,495,496],{},[71,497,465],{"href":464},[84,499,500],{},[71,501,502],{"href":114},"Sonic horn",[84,504,505],{},[71,506,507],{"href":418},"Infrasonic cleaner",{"title":146,"searchDepth":147,"depth":147,"links":509},[510,511,512,513],{"id":369,"depth":147,"text":370},{"id":423,"depth":147,"text":424},{"id":457,"depth":147,"text":458},{"id":124,"depth":147,"text":125},"A recovery boiler (also kraft recovery boiler, black-liquor recovery boiler, or BLRB) is a unique industrial boiler at the centre of every kraft pulp mill. It burns concentrated black liquor — the spent cooking-chemicals stream — to generate steam, electrical power and to recover the sodium and sulphur compounds that re-enter the pulping cycle as smelt. Recovery boilers are large, complex, expensive and irreplaceable to mill operation.",{},[328,391,334,279,402,517,518,519],"blrbac","sonic-horn","infrasonic-cleaner",{"title":521,"description":522},"Recovery boiler — kraft pulp mill steam-and-chemicals plant","A recovery boiler burns kraft black liquor to generate steam, electrical power and recovered pulping chemicals. Iconic application for sonic horns on superheater cleaning.",[524,527],{"title":525,"url":526},"Wikipedia — Recovery boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRecovery_boiler",{"title":528,"url":529},"BLRBAC — Recovery Boilers in Service","https:\u002F\u002Fblrbac.net\u002Frecovery-boilers-in-service\u002F","glossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","mXzBGZ7hSMEgl58wabmRAArKMR06mHldZvB1HJLRt0g",{"id":533,"title":144,"aliases":534,"body":538,"category":153,"description":709,"extension":155,"meta":710,"navigation":157,"path":143,"relatedTerms":711,"seo":717,"sources":720,"stem":724,"term":144,"__hash__":725},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash.md",[535,536,537],"sodium in ash","potassium in ash","alkali loading",{"type":53,"value":539,"toc":703},[540,551,555,629,633,665,669,675,677],[56,541,542,545,546,550],{},[59,543,544],{},"Alkali metals"," — primarily sodium (Na) and potassium (K) — are the dominant drivers of low-melting fouling in biomass, ",[71,547,549],{"href":548},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","waste-to-energy"," and certain coal boilers. Alkali compounds (KCl, NaCl, K₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄) melt or soften at temperatures (650–900 °C) lower than typical convective-pass tube-metal temperatures, so they arrive at the tube surface partly molten and bond tenaciously.",[63,552,554],{"id":553},"where-alkali-concentration-is-high","Where alkali concentration is high",[205,556,557,567],{},[208,558,559],{},[211,560,561,564],{},[214,562,563],{},"Fuel",[214,565,566],{},"Approximate alkali-in-ash range",[221,568,569,577,588,600,611,621],{},[211,570,571,574],{},[226,572,573],{},"Wood (clean stems)",[226,575,576],{},"Low (1–5%)",[211,578,579,585],{},[226,580,581,582],{},"Bark, ",[71,583,584],{"href":158},"hog fuel",[226,586,587],{},"Medium (5–15%)",[211,589,590,597],{},[226,591,592,593],{},"Straw and ",[71,594,596],{"href":595},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstraw-agricultural-residue-firing","agricultural residues",[226,598,599],{},"High (10–25%)",[211,601,602,608],{},[226,603,604],{},[71,605,607],{"href":606},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbagasse","Bagasse",[226,609,610],{},"Medium-high",[211,612,613,618],{},[226,614,615],{},[71,616,617],{"href":548},"MSW \u002F RDF \u002F SRF",[226,619,620],{},"High (variable)",[211,622,623,626],{},[226,624,625],{},"Coal",[226,627,628],{},"Low",[63,630,632],{"id":631},"operational-consequences","Operational consequences",[81,634,635,642,650,657],{},[84,636,637,641],{},[71,638,640],{"href":639},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-melt-sticky-ash","Low-melt sticky ash"," bonding to superheater and economiser tubes",[84,643,644,645,649],{},"Accelerated ",[71,646,648],{"href":647},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftube-erosion-tube-wastage","tube wastage"," from corrosive deposits",[84,651,652,656],{},[71,653,655],{"href":654},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcatalyst-poisoning","SCR catalyst poisoning"," by alkali species",[84,658,659,660,280,662,664],{},"Bed-material agglomeration in ",[71,661,239],{"href":238},[71,663,250],{"href":249}," boilers",[63,666,668],{"id":667},"cleaning","Cleaning",[56,670,671,672,674],{},"Active ",[71,673,518],{"href":114}," cleaning prevents fresh alkali-rich deposits from consolidating into bonded slag, which is the only practical mitigation short of fuel substitution.",[63,676,125],{"id":124},[81,678,679,683,689,694,698],{},[84,680,681],{},[71,682,640],{"href":639},[84,684,685],{},[71,686,688],{"href":687},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fchloride-induced-corrosion","Chloride-induced corrosion",[84,690,691],{},[71,692,693],{"href":654},"Catalyst poisoning",[84,695,696],{},[71,697,607],{"href":606},[84,699,700],{},[71,701,702],{"href":595},"Straw \u002F agricultural-residue firing",{"title":146,"searchDepth":147,"depth":147,"links":704},[705,706,707,708],{"id":553,"depth":147,"text":554},{"id":631,"depth":147,"text":632},{"id":667,"depth":147,"text":668},{"id":124,"depth":147,"text":125},"Alkali metals — primarily sodium (Na) and potassium (K) — are the dominant drivers of low-melting fouling in biomass, waste-to-energy and certain coal boilers. Alkali compounds (KCl, NaCl, K₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄) melt or soften at temperatures (650–900 °C) lower than typical convective-pass tube-metal temperatures, so they arrive at the tube surface partly molten and bond tenaciously.",{},[712,713,714,715,716],"low-melt-sticky-ash","chloride-induced-corrosion","catalyst-poisoning","bagasse","straw-agricultural-residue-firing",{"title":718,"description":719},"Alkali metals in ash — sodium and potassium drive low-melt biomass fouling","Alkali metals (Na, K) in biomass and waste-fuel ash form low-melting compounds that bond to boiler tubes as sticky deposits and poison SCR catalysts.",[721],{"title":722,"url":723},"Wikipedia — Slagging and fouling in boilers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoiler#Slagging","glossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash","geS4Q08TCk13dlbSDSxT-BXr_OYi5LW7UIKYIEm_0_0",1782613758442]