[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":593},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:harmonic":45,"glossary-related:harmonic":155},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":51,"category":136,"description":137,"extension":138,"meta":139,"navigation":140,"path":141,"relatedTerms":142,"seo":146,"sources":149,"stem":153,"term":47,"__hash__":154},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fharmonic.md","Harmonic",[49,50],"harmonics","overtones",{"type":52,"value":53,"toc":129},"minimark",[54,74,79,82,86,99,103],[55,56,57,58,62,63,68,69,73],"p",{},"A ",[59,60,61],"strong",{},"harmonic"," is an integer multiple of a ",[64,65,67],"a",{"href":66},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffundamental-frequency","fundamental frequency",". A 75 Hz ",[64,70,72],{"href":71},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horn"," radiates energy at 75 Hz (the fundamental, also called the first harmonic), with smaller amounts at 150 Hz (second harmonic), 225 Hz (third), and so on. The harmonic spectrum is what gives a real horn a richer, less pure tone than an idealised single-frequency source.",[75,76,78],"h2",{"id":77},"why-harmonics-matter-in-cleaning","Why harmonics matter in cleaning",[55,80,81],{},"Most of the cleaning work is done by the fundamental, because energy is concentrated there. Harmonics extend the effective frequency content of the horn, which can be helpful where the vessel contains internals with mixed resonant characteristics — a horn nominally rated at 75 Hz also contributes some cleaning at higher harmonic frequencies useful for finer dust pockets.",[75,83,85],{"id":84},"why-harmonics-matter-in-vibration-analysis","Why harmonics matter in vibration analysis",[55,87,88,89,93,94,98],{},"Plant vibration teams analysing tube banks, fan shafts or duct supports look for energy at the horn fundamental ",[90,91,92],"em",{},"and"," its harmonics. Avoiding overlap with structural ",[64,95,97],{"href":96},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fresonance","resonance"," modes is part of multi-horn installation design.",[75,100,102],{"id":101},"related-terms","Related terms",[104,105,106,112,118,123],"ul",{},[107,108,109],"li",{},[64,110,111],{"href":66},"Fundamental frequency",[107,113,114],{},[64,115,117],{"href":116},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffrequency","Frequency",[107,119,120],{},[64,121,122],{"href":96},"Resonance",[107,124,125],{},[64,126,128],{"href":127},"\u002Fglossary\u002Foctave-band","Octave band",{"title":130,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":132},"",2,[133,134,135],{"id":77,"depth":131,"text":78},{"id":84,"depth":131,"text":85},{"id":101,"depth":131,"text":102},"acoustics-physics","A harmonic is an integer multiple of a fundamental frequency. A 75 Hz sonic horn radiates energy at 75 Hz (the fundamental, also called the first harmonic), with smaller amounts at 150 Hz (second harmonic), 225 Hz (third), and so on. The harmonic spectrum is what gives a real horn a richer, less pure tone than an idealised single-frequency source.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fharmonic",[143,144,97,145],"fundamental-frequency","frequency","octave-band",{"title":147,"description":148},"Harmonic — what harmonics mean for sonic horn output","A harmonic is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. A sonic horn radiates energy mainly at its fundamental, with progressively less at higher harmonics.",[150],{"title":151,"url":152},"Wikipedia — Harmonic","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHarmonic","glossary\u002Fharmonic","9sMDXr6qzdijc9JjD2Hafuw9OGckGTLi2Qm7kE2IltA",[156,233,426,506],{"id":157,"title":111,"aliases":158,"body":161,"category":136,"description":220,"extension":138,"meta":221,"navigation":140,"path":66,"relatedTerms":222,"seo":224,"sources":227,"stem":231,"term":111,"__hash__":232},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ffundamental-frequency.md",[159,160],"first harmonic","natural frequency (acoustic)",{"type":52,"value":162,"toc":216},[163,185,189,195,197],[55,164,165,166,168,169,171,172,176,177,181,182,184],{},"The ",[59,167,67],{}," is the lowest natural resonant frequency of a vibrating system. For a ",[64,170,72],{"href":71}," it is the nameplate frequency at which the ",[64,173,175],{"href":174},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","diaphragm"," or piston is designed to oscillate and at which the horn delivers its rated ",[64,178,180],{"href":179},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-pressure-level","SPL",". A horn marked \"60 Hz\" produces a fundamental at 60 Hz plus a series of ",[64,183,49],{"href":141}," at integer multiples (120 Hz, 180 Hz, etc.).",[75,186,188],{"id":187},"why-it-is-the-published-number","Why it is the published number",[55,190,191,192,194],{},"Acoustic energy is concentrated at the fundamental. Harmonics carry progressively less energy. Selection charts, sizing tools and ROI calculations all use the fundamental as the reference. When tuning a multi-horn array, the fundamentals are chosen to avoid coincidence with vessel-tube ",[64,193,97],{"href":96}," modes that could cause unwanted vibration.",[75,196,102],{"id":101},[104,198,199,203,207,211],{},[107,200,201],{},[64,202,117],{"href":116},[107,204,205],{},[64,206,47],{"href":141},[107,208,209],{},[64,210,122],{"href":96},[107,212,213],{},[64,214,215],{"href":174},"Diaphragm horn",{"title":130,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":217},[218,219],{"id":187,"depth":131,"text":188},{"id":101,"depth":131,"text":102},"The fundamental frequency is the lowest natural resonant frequency of a vibrating system. For a sonic horn it is the nameplate frequency at which the diaphragm or piston is designed to oscillate and at which the horn delivers its rated SPL. A horn marked \"60 Hz\" produces a fundamental at 60 Hz plus a series of harmonics at integer multiples (120 Hz, 180 Hz, etc.).",{},[144,61,97,223],"diaphragm-horn",{"title":225,"description":226},"Fundamental frequency — the design frequency of a sonic horn","The fundamental frequency is the lowest natural resonant frequency of a system. For a sonic horn it is the published nameplate frequency at which the horn delivers maximum cleaning energy.",[228],{"title":229,"url":230},"Wikipedia — Fundamental frequency","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFundamental_frequency","glossary\u002Ffundamental-frequency","yoqzKueqavnquJYq4CSlQR5iTTxQstFLlnjbndf-AD4",{"id":234,"title":235,"aliases":236,"body":240,"category":136,"description":410,"extension":138,"meta":411,"navigation":140,"path":116,"relatedTerms":412,"seo":417,"sources":420,"stem":424,"term":117,"__hash__":425},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ffrequency.md","Frequency (Hz)",[237,238,239],"Hz","acoustic frequency","sonic horn frequency",{"type":52,"value":241,"toc":405},[242,255,259,354,358,369,371],[55,243,244,246,247,249,250,254],{},[59,245,117],{}," is the number of acoustic cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz). For industrial acoustic cleaning it is the single most important selection parameter after ",[64,248,180],{"href":179},": frequency determines ",[64,251,253],{"href":252},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwavelength","wavelength",", which in turn governs how the sound wave penetrates the vessel.",[75,256,258],{"id":257},"industrial-cleaning-bands","Industrial cleaning bands",[260,261,262,281],"table",{},[263,264,265],"thead",{},[266,267,268,272,275,278],"tr",{},[269,270,271],"th",{},"Band",[269,273,274],{},"Range",[269,276,277],{},"Wavelength in air",[269,279,280],{},"Typical use",[282,283,284,308,333],"tbody",{},[266,285,286,290,293,296],{},[287,288,289],"td",{},"Infrasonic",[287,291,292],{},"12–30 Hz",[287,294,295],{},"11–28 m",[287,297,298,302,303,307],{},[64,299,301],{"href":300},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","Recovery boilers",", ",[64,304,306],{"href":305},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","WtE"," flue paths",[266,309,310,313,316,319],{},[287,311,312],{},"Low frequency",[287,314,315],{},"60–250 Hz",[287,317,318],{},"1.4–5.7 m",[287,320,321,302,325,302,329],{},[64,322,324],{"href":323},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",[64,326,328],{"href":327},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[64,330,332],{"href":331},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",[266,334,335,338,341,344],{},[287,336,337],{},"High frequency",[287,339,340],{},"250–450 Hz",[287,342,343],{},"0.75–1.4 m",[287,345,346,302,350],{},[64,347,349],{"href":348},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","Fabric filters",[64,351,353],{"href":352},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[75,355,357],{"id":356},"trade-off","Trade-off",[55,359,360,361,364,365,368],{},"Long wavelengths diffract around obstructions and penetrate further; short wavelengths concentrate more energy in a smaller volume. The frequency choice is therefore a trade between ",[90,362,363],{},"reach"," and ",[90,366,367],{},"energy density",". Many real installations combine both bands: low-frequency horns clean the bulk volume; high-frequency horns clean dense bag rows or catalyst faces.",[75,370,102],{"id":101},[104,372,373,378,383,387,393,399],{},[107,374,375],{},[64,376,377],{"href":252},"Wavelength",[107,379,380],{},[64,381,382],{"href":179},"Sound pressure level",[107,384,385],{},[64,386,111],{"href":66},[107,388,389],{},[64,390,392],{"href":391},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[107,394,395],{},[64,396,398],{"href":397},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","High-frequency acoustic cleaner",[107,400,401],{},[64,402,404],{"href":403},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finfrasonic-cleaner","Infrasonic cleaner",{"title":130,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":406},[407,408,409],{"id":257,"depth":131,"text":258},{"id":356,"depth":131,"text":357},{"id":101,"depth":131,"text":102},"Frequency is the number of acoustic cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz). For industrial acoustic cleaning it is the single most important selection parameter after SPL: frequency determines wavelength, which in turn governs how the sound wave penetrates the vessel.",{},[253,413,143,414,415,416],"sound-pressure-level","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","infrasonic-cleaner",{"title":418,"description":419},"Frequency (Hz) — selection bands for industrial sonic horns","Frequency is the number of acoustic cycles per second, measured in hertz. Industrial acoustic cleaners operate at 12–30 Hz (infrasonic), 60–250 Hz (low) or 250–450 Hz (high).",[421],{"title":422,"url":423},"Wikipedia — Frequency","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFrequency","glossary\u002Ffrequency","7P2gkJzmA_x2ddonur2FhvOEPYFBCmPrnuK_ZNv8mqc",{"id":427,"title":122,"aliases":428,"body":431,"category":136,"description":492,"extension":138,"meta":493,"navigation":140,"path":96,"relatedTerms":494,"seo":497,"sources":500,"stem":504,"term":122,"__hash__":505},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fresonance.md",[429,430],"resonant frequency","acoustic resonance",{"type":52,"value":432,"toc":488},[433,442,446,452,465,467],[55,434,435,437,438,441],{},[59,436,122],{}," is the amplification of vibration that occurs when a driving frequency matches a natural mode of a system. It is the mechanism by which a ",[64,439,440],{"href":174},"diaphragm horn"," sustains 140–180 dB output from modest pneumatic input — the diaphragm and bell are tuned so the driving pressure pulse hits their natural frequency.",[75,443,445],{"id":444},"two-faces-in-industrial-cleaning","Two faces in industrial cleaning",[55,447,448,451],{},[59,449,450],{},"Useful resonance."," The horn itself; matching certain horn fundamentals to the bulk dimensions of a cleaning target so the sound field fills the vessel uniformly.",[55,453,454,457,458,461,462,464],{},[59,455,456],{},"Hazardous resonance."," Tube banks, fan blades, duct walls and damper assemblies all have their own natural frequencies. If a sonic horn's ",[64,459,460],{"href":66},"fundamental"," or one of its ",[64,463,49],{"href":141}," coincides with a structural mode, sustained vibration can fatigue welds or loosen fixings. Multi-horn installation design routinely includes a vibration check against the equipment's modal map.",[75,466,102],{"id":101},[104,468,469,473,477,483],{},[107,470,471],{},[64,472,111],{"href":66},[107,474,475],{},[64,476,47],{"href":141},[107,478,479],{},[64,480,482],{"href":481},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstanding-wave","Standing wave",[107,484,485],{},[64,486,487],{"href":71},"Sonic horn",{"title":130,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":489},[490,491],{"id":444,"depth":131,"text":445},{"id":101,"depth":131,"text":102},"Resonance is the amplification of vibration that occurs when a driving frequency matches a natural mode of a system. It is the mechanism by which a diaphragm horn sustains 140–180 dB output from modest pneumatic input — the diaphragm and bell are tuned so the driving pressure pulse hits their natural frequency.",{},[143,61,495,496],"standing-wave","sonic-horn",{"title":498,"description":499},"Resonance — useful coupling and unwanted vibration in cleaning systems","Resonance is the amplification that occurs when a driving frequency matches a natural mode of a system. It is exploited by sonic horns and avoided in tube-bank installation design.",[501],{"title":502,"url":503},"Wikipedia — Resonance","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FResonance","glossary\u002Fresonance","xgUOH_1Rk9D3xB0QhGDZZPZIieVRJ6XFtEhNitMqDYM",{"id":507,"title":128,"aliases":508,"body":511,"category":136,"description":578,"extension":138,"meta":579,"navigation":140,"path":127,"relatedTerms":580,"seo":584,"sources":587,"stem":591,"term":128,"__hash__":592},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Foctave-band.md",[509,510],"octave bands","1\u002F3 octave band",{"type":52,"value":512,"toc":574},[513,533,537,548,550],[55,514,515,516,519,520,523,524,364,528,532],{},"An ",[59,517,518],{},"octave band"," is a frequency range whose upper bound is twice the lower bound. Standard centre frequencies (in Hz) used for industrial-noise work are 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 16000. ",[59,521,522],{},"One-third octave bands"," subdivide each octave into three for higher resolution. Reporting SPL as a spectrum across these bands — instead of as a single broadband number — is the standard format for noise-exposure analysis under ",[64,525,527],{"href":526},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fosha-29-cfr-1910-95","OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95",[64,529,531],{"href":530},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feu-directive-2003-10-ec","EU Directive 2003\u002F10\u002FEC",".",[75,534,536],{"id":535},"why-octave-band-data-matters-for-sonic-horns","Why octave-band data matters for sonic horns",[55,538,539,540,542,543,547],{},"A 75 Hz ",[64,541,72],{"href":71}," puts most of its energy into the 63 Hz octave band, with smaller amounts in adjacent bands from harmonic content. Exposure assessments at the operator station — and the design of any ",[64,544,546],{"href":545},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-attenuation-enclosure-sonic-horn","sound-attenuation enclosure"," — depend on knowing the spectrum, not just the broadband SPL. Hearing-protection rating (NRR \u002F SNR) is also octave-band-dependent.",[75,549,102],{"id":101},[104,551,552,556,562,566,570],{},[107,553,554],{},[64,555,117],{"href":116},[107,557,558],{},[64,559,561],{"href":560},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdecibel","Decibel",[107,563,564],{},[64,565,382],{"href":179},[107,567,568],{},[64,569,527],{"href":526},[107,571,572],{},[64,573,531],{"href":530},{"title":130,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":575},[576,577],{"id":535,"depth":131,"text":536},{"id":101,"depth":131,"text":102},"An octave band is a frequency range whose upper bound is twice the lower bound. Standard centre frequencies (in Hz) used for industrial-noise work are 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 16000. One-third octave bands subdivide each octave into three for higher resolution. Reporting SPL as a spectrum across these bands — instead of as a single broadband number — is the standard format for noise-exposure analysis under OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 and EU Directive 2003\u002F10\u002FEC.",{},[144,581,413,582,583],"decibel","osha-29-cfr-1910-95","eu-directive-2003-10-ec",{"title":585,"description":586},"Octave band — how sonic horn noise is reported for exposure analysis","An octave band is a frequency range where the upper bound is twice the lower. Octave-band SPL data is the standard format for noise-exposure analysis under OSHA and EU 2003\u002F10\u002FEC.",[588],{"title":589,"url":590},"Wikipedia — Octave band","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOctave_band","glossary\u002Foctave-band","mvFr8nIR-90rIMQrkwCbAf6VceeDy_9Nn-ZTKmcDyD4",1782613716034]