[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":949},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:generating-bank":45,"glossary-related:generating-bank":173},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":51,"category":154,"description":155,"extension":156,"meta":157,"navigation":158,"path":159,"relatedTerms":160,"seo":164,"sources":167,"stem":171,"term":47,"__hash__":172},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fgenerating-bank.md","Generating bank",[49,50],"boiler bank","boiler generating bank",{"type":52,"value":53,"toc":147},"minimark",[54,83,88,96,100,117,121],[55,56,57,58,62,63,66,67,72,73,77,78,82],"p",{},"The ",[59,60,61],"strong",{},"generating bank"," (sometimes simply ",[64,65,49],"em",{},") is the array of evaporator tubes between the upper steam drum and the lower mud drum of a ",[68,69,71],"a",{"href":70},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery boiler"," or older two-drum industrial boiler. Flue gas passing through the bank gives up heat to the water-and-steam mixture rising through the tubes, performing bulk evaporation between the ",[68,74,76],{"href":75},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffurnace","furnace"," and the ",[68,79,81],{"href":80},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser","economiser",".",[84,85,87],"h2",{"id":86},"fouling-on-the-generating-bank","Fouling on the generating bank",[55,89,90,91,95],{},"Recovery-boiler generating banks suffer characteristic alkali-rich ash bridging. The narrow tube spacing makes bridges form quickly, ΔP rises, gas flow channels through residual gaps and bypasses cleaner tubes. Plants targeting 12–18 months between ",[68,92,94],{"href":93},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fchill-and-blow","chill-and-blow"," campaigns spend significant effort keeping the generating bank clean.",[84,97,99],{"id":98},"cleaning","Cleaning",[55,101,102,106,107,111,112,116],{},[68,103,105],{"href":104},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," and ",[68,108,110],{"href":109},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finfrasonic-cleaner","infrasonic cleaners"," are well-established on recovery-boiler generating banks. They typically complement existing IK retract ",[68,113,115],{"href":114},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fik-long-retract-sootblower","sootblowers"," by providing continuous gentle dislodging between the more aggressive periodic blow.",[84,118,120],{"id":119},"related-terms","Related terms",[122,123,124,130,136,142],"ul",{},[125,126,127],"li",{},[68,128,129],{"href":70},"Recovery boiler",[125,131,132],{},[68,133,135],{"href":134},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler","Boiler",[125,137,138],{},[68,139,141],{"href":140},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fconvective-pass-backpass","Convective pass \u002F backpass",[125,143,144],{},[68,145,146],{"href":104},"Sonic horn",{"title":148,"searchDepth":149,"depth":149,"links":150},"",2,[151,152,153],{"id":86,"depth":149,"text":87},{"id":98,"depth":149,"text":99},{"id":119,"depth":149,"text":120},"boiler","The generating bank (sometimes simply boiler bank) is the array of evaporator tubes between the upper steam drum and the lower mud drum of a recovery boiler or older two-drum industrial boiler. Flue gas passing through the bank gives up heat to the water-and-steam mixture rising through the tubes, performing bulk evaporation between the furnace and the economiser.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fgenerating-bank",[161,154,162,163],"recovery-boiler","convective-pass-backpass","sonic-horn",{"title":165,"description":166},"Generating bank — recovery-boiler evaporator tube bank between drums","The generating bank is the array of evaporator tubes between the steam and mud drums of a recovery boiler, performing bulk heat absorption from cooling flue gas.",[168],{"title":169,"url":170},"Wikipedia — Recovery boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRecovery_boiler","glossary\u002Fgenerating-bank","WSPnccmZCcXxc2tUiGnRul_R_VOG_U3Hr_nXuleETEA",[174,355,593,719],{"id":175,"title":129,"aliases":176,"body":180,"category":154,"description":340,"extension":156,"meta":341,"navigation":158,"path":70,"relatedTerms":342,"seo":345,"sources":348,"stem":353,"term":129,"__hash__":354},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler.md",[177,178,179],"kraft recovery boiler","black-liquor recovery boiler","BLRB",{"type":52,"value":181,"toc":334},[182,197,201,208,239,248,252,282,286,294,296],[55,183,184,185,187,188,190,191,193,194,196],{},"A ",[59,186,71],{}," (also ",[64,189,177],{},", ",[64,192,178],{},", or ",[64,195,179],{},") is a unique industrial boiler at the centre of every kraft pulp mill. It burns concentrated black liquor — the spent cooking-chemicals stream — to generate steam, electrical power and to recover the sodium and sulphur compounds that re-enter the pulping cycle as smelt. Recovery boilers are large, complex, expensive and irreplaceable to mill operation.",[84,198,200],{"id":199},"the-iconic-sonic-horn-application","The iconic sonic-horn application",[55,202,203,204,207],{},"Recovery boilers are the iconic application for ",[68,205,206],{"href":104},"sonic horns",". Three features combine to make them so:",[122,209,210,224,233],{},[125,211,212,215,216,106,220,223],{},[59,213,214],{},"Sticky, alkali-rich ash"," — sodium-sulphate carry-over deposits aggressively on ",[68,217,219],{"href":218},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","superheater",[68,221,222],{"href":159},"generating-bank"," tubes",[125,225,226,229,230,232],{},[59,227,228],{},"Long-run-time targets"," — mills target 12–18 months between ",[68,231,94],{"href":93}," wash cycles, and every extra week of run time is worth tens of thousands of dollars",[125,234,235,238],{},[59,236,237],{},"Deep cavities"," — the superheater bundles are tall and bafflingly inaccessible to short-throw cleaning",[55,240,241,242,244,245,247],{},"Both conventional ",[68,243,206],{"href":104}," at 60–125 Hz and ",[68,246,110],{"href":109}," below 30 Hz are deployed on recovery boilers. Major OEM aftermarket teams (ANDRITZ, Valmet, Babcock & Wilcox Vølund) all integrate acoustic cleaning into their service portfolios.",[84,249,251],{"id":250},"other-applications-inside-the-recovery-island","Other applications inside the recovery island",[122,253,254,260,266,276],{},[125,255,256,259],{},[59,257,258],{},"ESP hoppers"," — sodium-rich fly-ash bridging",[125,261,262,265],{},[59,263,264],{},"Economiser pluggage"," — salt-cake build-up on tube bundles",[125,267,268,271,272],{},[59,269,270],{},"Lime kiln preheater"," — see ",[68,273,275],{"href":274},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flime-kiln","lime kiln",[125,277,278,281],{},[59,279,280],{},"Smelt dissolving tank"," vent stack — sodium-fume build-up",[84,283,285],{"id":284},"safety","Safety",[55,287,288,289,293],{},"Recovery-boiler operations are governed by ",[68,290,292],{"href":291},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fblrbac","BLRBAC"," Recommended Good Practices. Any cleaning intervention — including acoustic — is reviewed against BLRBAC water-side-incident and emergency-shutdown protocols.",[84,295,120],{"id":119},[122,297,298,302,306,311,316,321,325,329],{},[125,299,300],{},[68,301,135],{"href":134},[125,303,304],{},[68,305,47],{"href":159},[125,307,308],{},[68,309,310],{"href":218},"Superheater",[125,312,313],{},[68,314,315],{"href":80},"Economiser",[125,317,318],{},[68,319,320],{"href":93},"Chill-and-blow",[125,322,323],{},[68,324,292],{"href":291},[125,326,327],{},[68,328,146],{"href":104},[125,330,331],{},[68,332,333],{"href":109},"Infrasonic cleaner",{"title":148,"searchDepth":149,"depth":149,"links":335},[336,337,338,339],{"id":199,"depth":149,"text":200},{"id":250,"depth":149,"text":251},{"id":284,"depth":149,"text":285},{"id":119,"depth":149,"text":120},"A recovery boiler (also kraft recovery boiler, black-liquor recovery boiler, or BLRB) is a unique industrial boiler at the centre of every kraft pulp mill. It burns concentrated black liquor — the spent cooking-chemicals stream — to generate steam, electrical power and to recover the sodium and sulphur compounds that re-enter the pulping cycle as smelt. Recovery boilers are large, complex, expensive and irreplaceable to mill operation.",{},[154,222,219,81,94,343,163,344],"blrbac","infrasonic-cleaner",{"title":346,"description":347},"Recovery boiler — kraft pulp mill steam-and-chemicals plant","A recovery boiler burns kraft black liquor to generate steam, electrical power and recovered pulping chemicals. Iconic application for sonic horns on superheater cleaning.",[349,350],{"title":169,"url":170},{"title":351,"url":352},"BLRBAC — Recovery Boilers in Service","https:\u002F\u002Fblrbac.net\u002Frecovery-boilers-in-service\u002F","glossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","mXzBGZ7hSMEgl58wabmRAArKMR06mHldZvB1HJLRt0g",{"id":356,"title":135,"aliases":357,"body":361,"category":154,"description":573,"extension":156,"meta":574,"navigation":158,"path":134,"relatedTerms":575,"seo":581,"sources":584,"stem":591,"term":135,"__hash__":592},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler.md",[358,359,360],"industrial boiler","utility boiler","steam generator",{"type":52,"value":362,"toc":568},[363,385,389,506,510,538,540],[55,364,184,365,367,368,190,372,106,375,378,379,106,382,82],{},[59,366,154],{}," is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, ",[68,369,371],{"href":370},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","WtE",[68,373,374],{"href":370},"biomass",[68,376,377],{"href":70},"pulp-and-paper"," operations. All of them foul; the only variables are ",[64,380,381],{},"how much",[64,383,384],{},"with what",[84,386,388],{"id":387},"boiler-families","Boiler families",[390,391,392,408],"table",{},[393,394,395],"thead",{},[396,397,398,402,405],"tr",{},[399,400,401],"th",{},"Type",[399,403,404],{},"Fuel",[399,406,407],{},"Notes",[409,410,411,426,440,454,466,480,491],"tbody",{},[396,412,413,420,423],{},[414,415,416],"td",{},[68,417,419],{"href":418},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpc-boiler","PC boiler",[414,421,422],{},"Pulverised coal",[414,424,425],{},"Dominant utility design",[396,427,428,434,437],{},[414,429,430],{},[68,431,433],{"href":432},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcfb-boiler","CFB boiler",[414,435,436],{},"Coal, biomass, RDF, lignite",[414,438,439],{},"Tolerates wider fuel range; lower NOx",[396,441,442,448,451],{},[414,443,444],{},[68,445,447],{"href":446},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbfb-boiler","BFB boiler",[414,449,450],{},"Biomass, sludge, low-grade fuels",[414,452,453],{},"Bubbling fluidised bed",[396,455,456,460,463],{},[414,457,458],{},[68,459,129],{"href":70},[414,461,462],{},"Black liquor (kraft pulp mills)",[414,464,465],{},"Combines chemicals recovery with steam",[396,467,468,474,477],{},[414,469,470],{},[68,471,473],{"href":472},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler","Hog-fuel boiler",[414,475,476],{},"Wood waste, bark",[414,478,479],{},"Common at pulp mills as side boilers",[396,481,482,485,488],{},[414,483,484],{},"Gas \u002F oil boiler",[414,486,487],{},"Natural gas, fuel oil",[414,489,490],{},"Lower particulate, less fouling",[396,492,493,496,499],{},[414,494,495],{},"HRSG",[414,497,498],{},"Gas-turbine exhaust",[414,500,501,502],{},"See ",[68,503,505],{"href":504},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-recovery-steam-generator","heat-recovery steam generator",[84,507,509],{"id":508},"where-sonic-horns-sit","Where sonic horns sit",[55,511,512,514,515,190,517,190,520,106,524,528,529,532,533,537],{},[68,513,105],{"href":104}," installed across the convective pass — between ",[68,516,81],{"href":80},[68,518,519],{"href":218},"superheaters",[68,521,523],{"href":522},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freheater","reheater",[68,525,527],{"href":526},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heater"," — dislodge ash and soot continuously, supplementing or partially replacing steam ",[68,530,115],{"href":531},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower",". The benefit shows up as ",[68,534,536],{"href":535},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-rate","heat rate"," recovery, deferred outages and longer intervals between water washes.",[84,539,120],{"id":119},[122,541,542,546,550,554,560,564],{},[125,543,544],{},[68,545,419],{"href":418},[125,547,548],{},[68,549,433],{"href":432},[125,551,552],{},[68,553,129],{"href":70},[125,555,556],{},[68,557,559],{"href":558},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaterwall","Waterwall",[125,561,562],{},[68,563,315],{"href":80},[125,565,566],{},[68,567,146],{"href":104},{"title":148,"searchDepth":149,"depth":149,"links":569},[570,571,572],{"id":387,"depth":149,"text":388},{"id":508,"depth":149,"text":509},{"id":119,"depth":149,"text":120},"A boiler is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, WtE, biomass and pulp-and-paper operations. All of them foul; the only variables are how much and with what.",{},[576,577,578,161,579,81,219,580,163],"pc-boiler","cfb-boiler","bfb-boiler","waterwall","air-heater",{"title":582,"description":583},"Boiler — industrial steam generator types and acoustic-cleaning needs","A boiler is a vessel that converts fuel chemical energy into steam by heating water. Coal-fired, biomass, oil, gas and recovery boilers all foul; sonic horns clean heat-transfer surfaces.",[585,588],{"title":586,"url":587},"Wikipedia — Boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoiler",{"title":589,"url":590},"Babcock & Wilcox — Sootblower and Boiler Cleaning Terminology","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fsootblower-and-boiler-cleaning-terminology-principles-and-applications","glossary\u002Fboiler","pamAnZGo_UeIedDHhYrfv0nP3GCXkNTGi0a197n4b5Q",{"id":594,"title":141,"aliases":595,"body":600,"category":154,"description":706,"extension":156,"meta":707,"navigation":158,"path":140,"relatedTerms":708,"seo":709,"sources":712,"stem":716,"term":717,"__hash__":718},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fconvective-pass-backpass.md",[596,597,598,599],"convective pass","backpass","boiler backpass","back pass",{"type":52,"value":601,"toc":701},[602,620,624,627,648,659,663,671,673],[55,603,57,604,187,606,608,609,611,612,614,615,617,618,82],{},[59,605,596],{},[59,607,597],{},") is the downstream section of a boiler where heat transfer is by conduction across tube banks rather than radiation from a flame. The convective pass contains, in order of decreasing gas temperature: the finishing ",[68,610,219],{"href":218},", the ",[68,613,523],{"href":522},", the primary superheater, the ",[68,616,81],{"href":80},", and finally the ",[68,619,527],{"href":526},[84,621,623],{"id":622},"why-the-convective-pass-is-the-prime-sonic-horn-zone","Why the convective pass is the prime sonic-horn zone",[55,625,626],{},"Three reasons:",[628,629,630,636,642],"ol",{},[125,631,632,635],{},[59,633,634],{},"Deposits are dry",", not molten. Ash arriving at convective surfaces has cooled below its sticking temperature; it deposits as a friable layer that acoustic energy can lift.",[125,637,638,641],{},[59,639,640],{},"Surfaces are extensive"," and partly inaccessible to retract sootblowers — perfect for non-contact cleaning.",[125,643,644,647],{},[59,645,646],{},"Heat-rate sensitivity"," is high. Every degree of approach temperature loss in the economiser or air heater translates directly into fuel cost.",[55,649,650,651,656,657,82],{},"A typical large utility boiler benefits from ",[59,652,653,654],{},"8–20 ",[68,655,206],{"href":104}," distributed across the convective pass, complementing existing steam ",[68,658,115],{"href":531},[84,660,662],{"id":661},"sequencing","Sequencing",[55,664,665,666,670],{},"Horns are fired in a programmed sequence that respects ",[68,667,669],{"href":668},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcompressed-air","compressed-air"," supply, avoids overlapping firing on adjacent fields, and times their action between sootblower cycles to maintain continuous low-level dust release.",[84,672,120],{"id":119},[122,674,675,679,683,687,692,697],{},[125,676,677],{},[68,678,135],{"href":134},[125,680,681],{},[68,682,315],{"href":80},[125,684,685],{},[68,686,310],{"href":218},[125,688,689],{},[68,690,691],{"href":522},"Reheater",[125,693,694],{},[68,695,696],{"href":526},"Air heater",[125,698,699],{},[68,700,146],{"href":104},{"title":148,"searchDepth":149,"depth":149,"links":702},[703,704,705],{"id":622,"depth":149,"text":623},{"id":661,"depth":149,"text":662},{"id":119,"depth":149,"text":120},"The convective pass (also backpass) is the downstream section of a boiler where heat transfer is by conduction across tube banks rather than radiation from a flame. The convective pass contains, in order of decreasing gas temperature: the finishing superheater, the reheater, the primary superheater, the economiser, and finally the air heater.",{},[154,81,219,523,580,163],{"title":710,"description":711},"Convective pass (backpass) — where sonic horns earn most of their cleaning work","The convective pass is the downstream section of a boiler where heat transfer is by conduction across tube banks: superheater, reheater, economiser. The primary zone for sonic-horn cleaning.",[713],{"title":714,"url":715},"Wikipedia — Water-tube boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWater-tube_boiler","glossary\u002Fconvective-pass-backpass","Convective pass and backpass","RDd0-n-v3frmmPFQ6GEIJ8gl1FK8dl11Q9pHezUj0Tk",{"id":720,"title":146,"aliases":721,"body":724,"category":924,"description":925,"extension":156,"meta":926,"navigation":158,"path":104,"relatedTerms":927,"seo":934,"sources":937,"stem":947,"term":146,"__hash__":948},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[206,722,723],"sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":52,"value":725,"toc":917},[726,756,760,768,772,834,838,874,878,885,887],[55,727,184,728,731,732,736,737,190,741,190,745,190,749,106,752,82],{},[59,729,730],{},"sonic horn"," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[68,733,735],{"href":734},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[68,738,740],{"href":739},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",[68,742,744],{"href":743},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","baghouses",[68,746,748],{"href":747},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[68,750,751],{"href":218},"boiler heat-transfer surfaces",[68,753,755],{"href":754},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",[84,757,759],{"id":758},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[55,761,762,763,767],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[68,764,766],{"href":765},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[84,769,771],{"id":770},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[390,773,774,784],{},[393,775,776],{},[396,777,778,781],{},[399,779,780],{},"Parameter",[399,782,783],{},"Typical range",[409,785,786,794,802,810,818,826],{},[396,787,788,791],{},[414,789,790],{},"Fundamental frequency",[414,792,793],{},"60–400 Hz",[396,795,796,799],{},[414,797,798],{},"Sound pressure level",[414,800,801],{},"140–180 dB",[396,803,804,807],{},[414,805,806],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[414,808,809],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[396,811,812,815],{},[414,813,814],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[414,816,817],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[396,819,820,823],{},[414,821,822],{},"Firing cycle",[414,824,825],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[396,827,828,831],{},[414,829,830],{},"Mass",[414,832,833],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[84,835,837],{"id":836},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[55,839,840,841,190,845,848,849,190,853,857,858,190,861,865,866,106,870,82],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[68,842,844],{"href":843},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[68,846,847],{"href":70},"recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[68,850,852],{"href":851},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[68,854,856],{"href":855},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[68,859,860],{"href":743},"fabric-filter compartments",[68,862,864],{"href":863},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[68,867,869],{"href":868},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[68,871,873],{"href":872},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[84,875,877],{"id":876},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[55,879,880,881,884],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[68,882,883],{"href":531},"steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[84,886,120],{"id":119},[122,888,889,894,900,906,912],{},[125,890,891],{},[68,892,893],{"href":734},"Acoustic cleaner",[125,895,896],{},[68,897,899],{"href":898},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",[125,901,902],{},[68,903,905],{"href":904},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[125,907,908],{},[68,909,911],{"href":910},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","Diaphragm horn",[125,913,914],{},[68,915,916],{"href":868},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":148,"searchDepth":149,"depth":149,"links":918},[919,920,921,922,923],{"id":758,"depth":149,"text":759},{"id":770,"depth":149,"text":771},{"id":836,"depth":149,"text":837},{"id":876,"depth":149,"text":877},{"id":119,"depth":149,"text":120},"core-technology","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[928,929,930,931,932,933],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","sonic-sootblower","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":935,"description":936},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[938,941,944],{"title":939,"url":940},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":942,"url":943},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":945,"url":946},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",1782613724507]