[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":810},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:furnace":45,"glossary-related:furnace":184},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":51,"category":165,"description":166,"extension":167,"meta":168,"navigation":169,"path":170,"relatedTerms":171,"seo":174,"sources":177,"stem":181,"term":182,"__hash__":183},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ffurnace.md","Furnace",[49,50],"boiler furnace","combustion chamber",{"type":52,"value":53,"toc":158},"minimark",[54,79,84,97,101,128,132],[55,56,57,58,62,63,68,69,73,74,78],"p",{},"The ",[59,60,61],"strong",{},"furnace"," is the radiant combustion chamber of an industrial boiler — the space where the burner flame develops, fuel combusts, and the bulk of the heat release happens. Furnace temperatures vary by fuel and design: 1,300–1,700 °C in ",[64,65,67],"a",{"href":66},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpc-boiler","PC boilers",", 850–900 °C in ",[64,70,72],{"href":71},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcfb-boiler","CFB",", 900–1,100 °C in ",[64,75,77],{"href":76},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","WtE"," grate boilers.",[80,81,83],"h2",{"id":82},"heat-transfer","Heat transfer",[55,85,86,87,91,92,96],{},"Furnace heat is absorbed almost entirely by radiation onto the ",[64,88,90],{"href":89},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaterwall","waterwall"," tubes forming the furnace enclosure. The flue gas leaves the furnace through a defined nose or screen and enters the ",[64,93,95],{"href":94},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fconvective-pass-backpass","convective pass"," where conductive heat transfer dominates.",[80,98,100],{"id":99},"fouling-at-the-furnaceconvective-interface","Fouling at the furnace–convective interface",[55,102,103,104,108,109,112,113,117,118,122,123,127],{},"The transition from the radiant furnace to the convective pass — sometimes called the ",[105,106,107],"em",{},"furnace outlet"," or ",[105,110,111],{},"nose"," — is where ",[64,114,116],{"href":115},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fslagging","slag"," is most likely to accumulate. Hot ash particles approaching this interface lose energy fast enough to bond onto cooler tube surfaces. ",[64,119,121],{"href":120},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," are generally not effective inside the furnace itself (molten slag is too well-bonded for acoustic energy to dislodge) but are effective immediately downstream where deposits are still partly dry. Furnace cleaning is dominated by steam ",[64,124,126],{"href":125},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","sootblowers"," and water cannons.",[80,129,131],{"id":130},"related-terms","Related terms",[133,134,135,142,147,152],"ul",{},[136,137,138],"li",{},[64,139,141],{"href":140},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler","Boiler",[136,143,144],{},[64,145,146],{"href":89},"Waterwall",[136,148,149],{},[64,150,151],{"href":115},"Slagging",[136,153,154],{},[64,155,157],{"href":156},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwater-cannon","Water cannon",{"title":159,"searchDepth":160,"depth":160,"links":161},"",2,[162,163,164],{"id":82,"depth":160,"text":83},{"id":99,"depth":160,"text":100},{"id":130,"depth":160,"text":131},"boiler","The furnace is the radiant combustion chamber of an industrial boiler — the space where the burner flame develops, fuel combusts, and the bulk of the heat release happens. Furnace temperatures vary by fuel and design: 1,300–1,700 °C in PC boilers, 850–900 °C in CFB, 900–1,100 °C in WtE grate boilers.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffurnace",[165,90,172,173],"slagging","water-cannon",{"title":175,"description":176},"Furnace — the radiant combustion chamber of an industrial boiler","The furnace is the radiant chamber of a boiler where fuel burns at 1,300–1,700 °C. Waterwalls absorb the radiant heat; molten slag is the dominant fouling concern.",[178],{"title":179,"url":180},"Wikipedia — Boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoiler","glossary\u002Ffurnace","Furnace (boiler)","ascFcmPz_93K0IlA67TDVLEjlt7L-vO-FFoRqO3H7AY",[185,427,551,701],{"id":186,"title":141,"aliases":187,"body":191,"category":165,"description":407,"extension":167,"meta":408,"navigation":169,"path":140,"relatedTerms":409,"seo":417,"sources":420,"stem":425,"term":141,"__hash__":426},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler.md",[188,189,190],"industrial boiler","utility boiler","steam generator",{"type":52,"value":192,"toc":402},[193,218,222,338,342,372,374],[55,194,195,196,198,199,201,202,205,206,210,211,205,214,217],{},"A ",[59,197,165],{}," is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, ",[64,200,77],{"href":76},", ",[64,203,204],{"href":76},"biomass"," and ",[64,207,209],{"href":208},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","pulp-and-paper"," operations. All of them foul; the only variables are ",[105,212,213],{},"how much",[105,215,216],{},"with what",".",[80,219,221],{"id":220},"boiler-families","Boiler families",[223,224,225,241],"table",{},[226,227,228],"thead",{},[229,230,231,235,238],"tr",{},[232,233,234],"th",{},"Type",[232,236,237],{},"Fuel",[232,239,240],{},"Notes",[242,243,244,258,271,285,298,312,323],"tbody",{},[229,245,246,252,255],{},[247,248,249],"td",{},[64,250,251],{"href":66},"PC boiler",[247,253,254],{},"Pulverised coal",[247,256,257],{},"Dominant utility design",[229,259,260,265,268],{},[247,261,262],{},[64,263,264],{"href":71},"CFB boiler",[247,266,267],{},"Coal, biomass, RDF, lignite",[247,269,270],{},"Tolerates wider fuel range; lower NOx",[229,272,273,279,282],{},[247,274,275],{},[64,276,278],{"href":277},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbfb-boiler","BFB boiler",[247,280,281],{},"Biomass, sludge, low-grade fuels",[247,283,284],{},"Bubbling fluidised bed",[229,286,287,292,295],{},[247,288,289],{},[64,290,291],{"href":208},"Recovery boiler",[247,293,294],{},"Black liquor (kraft pulp mills)",[247,296,297],{},"Combines chemicals recovery with steam",[229,299,300,306,309],{},[247,301,302],{},[64,303,305],{"href":304},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler","Hog-fuel boiler",[247,307,308],{},"Wood waste, bark",[247,310,311],{},"Common at pulp mills as side boilers",[229,313,314,317,320],{},[247,315,316],{},"Gas \u002F oil boiler",[247,318,319],{},"Natural gas, fuel oil",[247,321,322],{},"Lower particulate, less fouling",[229,324,325,328,331],{},[247,326,327],{},"HRSG",[247,329,330],{},"Gas-turbine exhaust",[247,332,333,334],{},"See ",[64,335,337],{"href":336},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-recovery-steam-generator","heat-recovery steam generator",[80,339,341],{"id":340},"where-sonic-horns-sit","Where sonic horns sit",[55,343,344,346,347,201,351,201,355,205,359,363,364,366,367,371],{},[64,345,121],{"href":120}," installed across the convective pass — between ",[64,348,350],{"href":349},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser","economiser",[64,352,354],{"href":353},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","superheaters",[64,356,358],{"href":357},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freheater","reheater",[64,360,362],{"href":361},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heater"," — dislodge ash and soot continuously, supplementing or partially replacing steam ",[64,365,126],{"href":125},". The benefit shows up as ",[64,368,370],{"href":369},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-rate","heat rate"," recovery, deferred outages and longer intervals between water washes.",[80,373,131],{"id":130},[133,375,376,380,384,388,392,397],{},[136,377,378],{},[64,379,251],{"href":66},[136,381,382],{},[64,383,264],{"href":71},[136,385,386],{},[64,387,291],{"href":208},[136,389,390],{},[64,391,146],{"href":89},[136,393,394],{},[64,395,396],{"href":349},"Economiser",[136,398,399],{},[64,400,401],{"href":120},"Sonic horn",{"title":159,"searchDepth":160,"depth":160,"links":403},[404,405,406],{"id":220,"depth":160,"text":221},{"id":340,"depth":160,"text":341},{"id":130,"depth":160,"text":131},"A boiler is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, WtE, biomass and pulp-and-paper operations. All of them foul; the only variables are how much and with what.",{},[410,411,412,413,90,350,414,415,416],"pc-boiler","cfb-boiler","bfb-boiler","recovery-boiler","superheater","air-heater","sonic-horn",{"title":418,"description":419},"Boiler — industrial steam generator types and acoustic-cleaning needs","A boiler is a vessel that converts fuel chemical energy into steam by heating water. Coal-fired, biomass, oil, gas and recovery boilers all foul; sonic horns clean heat-transfer surfaces.",[421,422],{"title":179,"url":180},{"title":423,"url":424},"Babcock & Wilcox — Sootblower and Boiler Cleaning Terminology","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fsootblower-and-boiler-cleaning-terminology-principles-and-applications","glossary\u002Fboiler","pamAnZGo_UeIedDHhYrfv0nP3GCXkNTGi0a197n4b5Q",{"id":428,"title":146,"aliases":429,"body":433,"category":165,"description":538,"extension":167,"meta":539,"navigation":169,"path":89,"relatedTerms":540,"seo":542,"sources":545,"stem":549,"term":146,"__hash__":550},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaterwall.md",[430,431,432],"water wall","membrane wall","furnace wall",{"type":52,"value":434,"toc":531},[435,444,448,451,455,461,465,470,495,499,506,508],[55,436,437,440,441,443],{},[59,438,439],{},"Waterwalls"," are panels of vertical evaporator tubes welded into a gas-tight membrane that line the ",[64,442,61],{"href":170}," walls of an industrial boiler. They absorb the radiant heat of the burning fuel and produce most of the boiler's steam.",[80,445,447],{"id":446},"construction","Construction",[55,449,450],{},"Adjacent tubes are connected by a thin steel fin running their full length, forming a continuous gas-tight pressure boundary. Tube diameters are typically 38–63 mm, on 50–80 mm pitches. Wall sections can be hung from headers above (suspension waterwalls) or supported from below (sit-on).",[80,452,454],{"id":453},"fouling-slag-not-ash","Fouling: slag, not ash",[55,456,457,458,460],{},"Furnace temperatures and radiant heat transfer mean that any ash that hits the waterwall is partly molten. Cooled rapidly against the tube wall, it solidifies as ",[64,459,116],{"href":115},". Slag is hard, bonded, and grows in characteristic patterns: thicker near burner clusters, thinner in cold corners.",[80,462,464],{"id":463},"cleaning-waterwalls","Cleaning waterwalls",[55,466,467,469],{},[64,468,121],{"href":120}," are not effective on hard furnace slag — the deposit is too well-bonded for acoustic energy to dislodge. The standard cleaning tools are:",[133,471,472,480,486],{},[136,473,474,479],{},[59,475,476],{},[64,477,478],{"href":156},"Water cannons"," — high-pressure water lances mounted on the waterwall, fired at specific tube sections",[136,481,482,485],{},[59,483,484],{},"Wall blowers"," — short retract sootblowers with multiple nozzles",[136,487,488,494],{},[59,489,490],{},[64,491,493],{"href":492},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fexplosive-deslagging","Explosive deslagging"," — periodic shock cleaning for severe build-up",[80,496,498],{"id":497},"tube-failures-on-waterwalls","Tube failures on waterwalls",[55,500,501,505],{},[64,502,504],{"href":503},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftube-erosion-tube-wastage","Tube erosion"," and tube wastage on waterwalls are the leading cause of forced outages on coal-fired and biomass boilers. Mitigation is largely combustion-control rather than cleaning, but excessive aggressive cleaning (especially water cannons) contributes to thermal-fatigue cracking.",[80,507,131],{"id":130},[133,509,510,514,518,522,527],{},[136,511,512],{},[64,513,141],{"href":140},[136,515,516],{},[64,517,47],{"href":170},[136,519,520],{},[64,521,151],{"href":115},[136,523,524],{},[64,525,526],{"href":503},"Tube erosion \u002F tube wastage",[136,528,529],{},[64,530,157],{"href":156},{"title":159,"searchDepth":160,"depth":160,"links":532},[533,534,535,536,537],{"id":446,"depth":160,"text":447},{"id":453,"depth":160,"text":454},{"id":463,"depth":160,"text":464},{"id":497,"depth":160,"text":498},{"id":130,"depth":160,"text":131},"Waterwalls are panels of vertical evaporator tubes welded into a gas-tight membrane that line the furnace walls of an industrial boiler. They absorb the radiant heat of the burning fuel and produce most of the boiler's steam.",{},[165,61,172,541,173],"tube-erosion-tube-wastage",{"title":543,"description":544},"Waterwall — tube panels lining the furnace of a boiler","Waterwalls are panels of vertical evaporator tubes welded into a gas-tight membrane that line the furnace. They absorb radiant heat and produce most of the boiler's steam.",[546],{"title":547,"url":548},"Wikipedia — Water-tube boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWater-tube_boiler","glossary\u002Fwaterwall","rkJ624Wtxzhq9pJlFII6R5mMnwza1b97OTUWYv_7eng",{"id":552,"title":151,"aliases":553,"body":557,"category":577,"description":689,"extension":167,"meta":690,"navigation":169,"path":115,"relatedTerms":691,"seo":692,"sources":695,"stem":699,"term":151,"__hash__":700},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fslagging.md",[554,555,556],"slag deposit","slag bonding","molten slag deposit",{"type":52,"value":558,"toc":684},[559,579,583,597,601,653,658,660],[55,560,561,563,564,566,567,570,571,573,574,578],{},[59,562,151],{}," is the deposition of molten or semi-molten ash on high-temperature surfaces inside a boiler — primarily the ",[64,565,61],{"href":170}," ",[64,568,569],{"href":89},"waterwalls"," and the finishing ",[64,572,414],{"href":353},". Slag is distinguished from ",[64,575,577],{"href":576},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffouling","fouling"," generally by being formed at temperatures high enough to melt the ash; once cooled against the tube it solidifies as a hard, bonded layer.",[80,580,582],{"id":581},"why-slag-is-hard-to-clean","Why slag is hard to clean",[133,584,585,588,591,594],{},[136,586,587],{},"Bonded directly to the tube — not a loose surface deposit",[136,589,590],{},"Hardness comparable to the tube metal itself",[136,592,593],{},"Resists acoustic cleaning — sound energy cannot dislodge a bonded interface",[136,595,596],{},"Removable only with high-energy mechanical methods",[80,598,600],{"id":599},"cleaning-options","Cleaning options",[223,602,603,613],{},[226,604,605],{},[229,606,607,610],{},[232,608,609],{},"Tool",[232,611,612],{},"Use case",[242,614,615,624,636,645],{},[229,616,617,621],{},[247,618,619],{},[64,620,157],{"href":156},[247,622,623],{},"Standard for furnace waterwall slag",[229,625,626,633],{},[247,627,628,629],{},"Steam ",[64,630,632],{"href":631},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fretract-sootblower","retract sootblower",[247,634,635],{},"Finishing superheater slag, with care for tube erosion",[229,637,638,642],{},[247,639,640],{},[64,641,493],{"href":492},[247,643,644],{},"Severe build-up, periodic intervention",[229,646,647,650],{},[247,648,649],{},"Manual lancing (offline)",[247,651,652],{},"During major outages",[55,654,655,657],{},[64,656,121],{"href":120}," are not effective on furnace slag, but they are effective immediately downstream where deposits cool to a friable consistency. Sylio's value on slag-prone units lies in the convective pass, not in the furnace itself.",[80,659,131],{"id":130},[133,661,662,666,671,675,680],{},[136,663,664],{},[64,665,146],{"href":89},[136,667,668],{},[64,669,670],{"href":353},"Superheater",[136,672,673],{},[64,674,47],{"href":170},[136,676,677],{},[64,678,679],{"href":576},"Fouling",[136,681,682],{},[64,683,157],{"href":156},{"title":159,"searchDepth":160,"depth":160,"links":685},[686,687,688],{"id":581,"depth":160,"text":582},{"id":599,"depth":160,"text":600},{"id":130,"depth":160,"text":131},"Slagging is the deposition of molten or semi-molten ash on high-temperature surfaces inside a boiler — primarily the furnace waterwalls and the finishing superheater. Slag is distinguished from fouling generally by being formed at temperatures high enough to melt the ash; once cooled against the tube it solidifies as a hard, bonded layer.",{},[90,414,61,577,173],{"title":693,"description":694},"Slagging — molten ash bonding to high-temperature boiler surfaces","Slagging is the deposition of molten or semi-molten ash on radiant and high-temperature surfaces in the boiler furnace. Hard, bonded; usually requires water cannons or explosive deslagging.",[696],{"title":697,"url":698},"Power Engineering — How to Deal with Ceaseless Slagging","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Foperations-maintenance\u002Fhow-to-deal-with-ceaseless-slagging\u002F","glossary\u002Fslagging","ETHZyOpE6ep9L5Ko6HI45eGDis7f8SAGpAWqJo3Z414",{"id":702,"title":157,"aliases":703,"body":707,"category":795,"description":796,"extension":167,"meta":797,"navigation":169,"path":156,"relatedTerms":798,"seo":801,"sources":804,"stem":808,"term":157,"__hash__":809},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fwater-cannon.md",[704,705,706],"smart water cannon","water gun","water lance (waterwall)",{"type":52,"value":708,"toc":790},[709,721,725,732,736,762,767,769],[55,710,195,711,714,715,717,718,720],{},[59,712,713],{},"water cannon"," projects a high-pressure water jet onto boiler ",[64,716,90],{"href":89}," tubes to crack slag deposits by thermal shock. The rapid temperature differential between the cool water and the hot slag fractures the bonded slag layer, allowing the next portion to fall away. Water cannons are the standard cleaning tool for furnace ",[64,719,172],{"href":115}," on coal-fired and biomass utility boilers.",[80,722,724],{"id":723},"aimed-shots-not-sweeps","Aimed shots, not sweeps",[55,726,727,728,731],{},"Modern ",[105,729,730],{},"smart"," water cannons (notably Clyde Bergemann) are computer-controlled to aim specific shot patterns at known fouling zones. Operators see a heat-flux map from radiant-section thermocouples; the cannon fires shots calibrated to the slag thickness in each zone. Compared with manual aiming, this dramatically reduces water consumption and tube-fatigue risk.",[80,733,735],{"id":734},"trade-offs","Trade-offs",[133,737,738,744,750,756],{},[136,739,740,743],{},[59,741,742],{},"Tube fatigue"," — repeated thermal cycling can crack tubes at the impingement zone over years of service",[136,745,746,749],{},[59,747,748],{},"Water consumption"," — substantial volumes of demineralised water needed",[136,751,752,755],{},[59,753,754],{},"Slag knock-down hazard"," — large fallen slag pieces can damage waterwall lower zones",[136,757,758,761],{},[59,759,760],{},"Effective only on slag"," — does not address dry friable deposits on convective surfaces",[55,763,764,766],{},[64,765,121],{"href":120}," are not effective on furnace slag and water cannons are not effective on dry convective-pass deposits. The two technologies serve different zones of the boiler and do not directly compete.",[80,768,131],{"id":130},[133,770,771,777,781,785],{},[136,772,773],{},[64,774,776],{"href":775},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwater-lance","Water lance",[136,778,779],{},[64,780,146],{"href":89},[136,782,783],{},[64,784,151],{"href":115},[136,786,787],{},[64,788,789],{"href":125},"Steam sootblower",{"title":159,"searchDepth":160,"depth":160,"links":791},[792,793,794],{"id":723,"depth":160,"text":724},{"id":734,"depth":160,"text":735},{"id":130,"depth":160,"text":131},"alternative-cleaning","A water cannon projects a high-pressure water jet onto boiler waterwall tubes to crack slag deposits by thermal shock. The rapid temperature differential between the cool water and the hot slag fractures the bonded slag layer, allowing the next portion to fall away. Water cannons are the standard cleaning tool for furnace slagging on coal-fired and biomass utility boilers.",{},[799,90,172,800],"water-lance","steam-sootblower",{"title":802,"description":803},"Water cannon — high-pressure water lance for boiler waterwall slag","A water cannon projects a high-pressure water jet onto boiler waterwalls to crack slag deposits by thermal shock. The standard cleaning tool for furnace slag, with care for tube fatigue.",[805],{"title":806,"url":807},"Clyde Industries — Water Cannon","https:\u002F\u002Fclyde-industries.com\u002Fproducts-and-solutions\u002Fwater-cannon","glossary\u002Fwater-cannon","B1ZdzNxHCFNLcoio5f730_KTMBbHrbp8pSD45i2XgiU",1782613724498]