[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":556},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:flange-standards-dn-ansi":45,"glossary-related:flange-standards-dn-ansi":187},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":53,"category":168,"description":169,"extension":170,"meta":171,"navigation":172,"path":173,"relatedTerms":174,"seo":177,"sources":180,"stem":184,"term":185,"__hash__":186},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fflange-standards-dn-ansi.md","Flange standards (DN \u002F ANSI)",[49,50,51,52],"DN flange","ANSI flange","ANSI 150 lb","flange standards",{"type":54,"value":55,"toc":161},"minimark",[56,74,79,135,139,142,146],[57,58,59,63,64,67,68,73],"p",{},[60,61,62],"strong",{},"DN"," (EN 1092 European nominal-diameter) and ",[60,65,66],{},"ANSI B16.5"," (American National Standards Institute, with pressure classes 150 \u002F 300 \u002F 600 lb) are the two dominant industrial flange standards used for ",[69,70,72],"a",{"href":71},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horn"," mounting to process vessels.",[75,76,78],"h2",{"id":77},"common-horn-mounting-flanges","Common horn mounting flanges",[80,81,82,98],"table",{},[83,84,85],"thead",{},[86,87,88,92,95],"tr",{},[89,90,91],"th",{},"Horn size band",[89,93,94],{},"Typical DN flange",[89,96,97],{},"Typical ANSI flange",[99,100,101,113,124],"tbody",{},[86,102,103,107,110],{},[104,105,106],"td",{},"Small horn (75 Hz, 230 Hz)",[104,108,109],{},"DN50–DN80",[104,111,112],{},"2–3 inch 150 lb",[86,114,115,118,121],{},[104,116,117],{},"Mid-size (60 Hz)",[104,119,120],{},"DN100–DN150",[104,122,123],{},"4–6 inch 150 lb",[86,125,126,129,132],{},[104,127,128],{},"Large infrasonic",[104,130,131],{},"DN200+",[104,133,134],{},"8 inch 150 lb",[75,136,138],{"id":137},"specification-practice","Specification practice",[57,140,141],{},"European-market horns typically ship with DN flanges as standard, with ANSI options available. North American-market horns ship with ANSI 150 lb as standard. International projects sometimes specify both flange faces (e.g. ANSI weld-neck flange on the horn, DN flange on the vessel adaptor) — this is the integrator's problem to resolve.",[75,143,145],{"id":144},"related-terms","Related terms",[147,148,149,156],"ul",{},[150,151,152],"li",{},[69,153,155],{"href":154},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[150,157,158],{},[69,159,160],{"href":71},"Sonic horn",{"title":162,"searchDepth":163,"depth":163,"links":164},"",2,[165,166,167],{"id":77,"depth":163,"text":78},{"id":137,"depth":163,"text":138},{"id":144,"depth":163,"text":145},"materials-construction","DN (EN 1092 European nominal-diameter) and ANSI B16.5 (American National Standards Institute, with pressure classes 150 \u002F 300 \u002F 600 lb) are the two dominant industrial flange standards used for sonic horn mounting to process vessels.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fflange-standards-dn-ansi",[175,176],"bell-horn","sonic-horn",{"title":178,"description":179},"Flange standards (DN, ANSI 150) — mounting interfaces for industrial sonic horns","DN (EN 1092 European) and ANSI B16.5 flanges are the dominant industrial mounting standards. Sonic horns typically come with DN50–DN200 or ANSI 2–8 inch 150 lb mounting flanges.",[181],{"title":182,"url":183},"Wikipedia — Flange","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFlange","glossary\u002Fflange-standards-dn-ansi","Flange standards (DN and ANSI)","qHMaDbTZJbSzec18Y1CQ1HZcchPDbkHAu7jzK_2-mB4",[188,336],{"id":189,"title":155,"aliases":190,"body":194,"category":317,"description":318,"extension":170,"meta":319,"navigation":172,"path":154,"relatedTerms":320,"seo":324,"sources":327,"stem":334,"term":155,"__hash__":335},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn.md",[191,192,193],"bell-shaped horn","exponential bell horn","exponential horn",{"type":54,"value":195,"toc":312},[196,216,220,234,238,288,290],[57,197,198,199,202,203,205,206,210,211,215],{},"A ",[60,200,201],{},"bell horn"," is the conical or exponential flare bolted to the driver of an industrial ",[69,204,72],{"href":71},". Its job is to transform the high-impedance, small-area pressure pulse from the ",[69,207,209],{"href":208},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","diaphragm"," or ",[69,212,214],{"href":213},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpiston-whistle-horn","piston-whistle"," into a lower-impedance, larger-area sound wave that couples efficiently into the gas inside the vessel.",[75,217,219],{"id":218},"why-the-geometry-matters","Why the geometry matters",[57,221,222,223,227,228,210,230,233],{},"The bell is not decorative. Its flare profile — usually exponential, sometimes catenoidal or tractrix — sets the horn's cut-off frequency: below the cut-off, the bell stops behaving as a horn and the radiated sound power collapses. A 60 Hz ",[69,224,226],{"href":225},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner"," therefore needs a physically larger bell than a 230 Hz unit, which is why low-frequency horns are noticeably bulkier and heavier. Mounting orientation, flange standard (",[69,229,62],{"href":173},[69,231,232],{"href":173},"ANSI 150",") and the bell's projection distance into the vessel are all selected to match the cleaning target geometry.",[75,235,237],{"id":236},"materials","Materials",[147,239,240,255,264],{},[150,241,242,245,246,250,251],{},[60,243,244],{},"Carbon steel"," for ambient-temperature mounting on cool-side ducts, ",[69,247,249],{"href":248},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos"," and ",[69,252,254],{"href":253},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers",[150,256,257,263],{},[60,258,259],{},[69,260,262],{"href":261},"\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-316-316l-stainless","316 stainless steel"," for corrosive or food-grade environments",[150,265,266,272,273,277,278,282,283,287],{},[60,267,268],{},[69,269,271],{"href":270},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finconel-625-718","Inconel 625 or 718"," for hot-side service above 350 °C, including ",[69,274,276],{"href":275},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR reactors",", ",[69,279,281],{"href":280},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heater"," penthouses and ",[69,284,286],{"href":285},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery-boiler"," flue paths",[75,289,145],{"id":144},[147,291,292,296,301,306],{},[150,293,294],{},[69,295,160],{"href":71},[150,297,298],{},[69,299,300],{"href":208},"Diaphragm horn",[150,302,303],{},[69,304,305],{"href":213},"Piston-whistle horn",[150,307,308],{},[69,309,311],{"href":310},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-horn","Acoustic horn",{"title":162,"searchDepth":163,"depth":163,"links":313},[314,315,316],{"id":218,"depth":163,"text":219},{"id":236,"depth":163,"text":237},{"id":144,"depth":163,"text":145},"core-technology","A bell horn is the conical or exponential flare bolted to the driver of an industrial sonic horn. Its job is to transform the high-impedance, small-area pressure pulse from the diaphragm or piston-whistle into a lower-impedance, larger-area sound wave that couples efficiently into the gas inside the vessel.",{},[176,321,322,323],"diaphragm-horn","piston-whistle-horn","acoustic-horn",{"title":325,"description":326},"Bell horn — definition, geometry and role in acoustic cleaning","A bell horn is the conical or exponential flare that amplifies and projects sound from an industrial sonic horn's driver into the vessel being cleaned.",[328,331],{"title":329,"url":330},"Wikipedia — Horn (acoustic)","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHorn_(acoustic)",{"title":332,"url":333},"Power Magazine — The Theory and Application of Acoustic Cleaners","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.powermag.com\u002Fthe-theory-and-application-of-acoustic-cleaners\u002F","glossary\u002Fbell-horn","gKEabZrcxtpNiaEXB65PC50sPq3KHeDc-fyn9OvYp4I",{"id":337,"title":160,"aliases":338,"body":342,"category":317,"description":534,"extension":170,"meta":535,"navigation":172,"path":71,"relatedTerms":536,"seo":541,"sources":544,"stem":554,"term":160,"__hash__":555},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[339,340,341],"sonic horns","sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":54,"value":343,"toc":527},[344,373,377,385,389,451,455,487,491,499,501],[57,345,198,346,348,349,353,354,277,358,277,362,277,365,250,369,372],{},[60,347,72],{}," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[69,350,352],{"href":351},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[69,355,357],{"href":356},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",[69,359,361],{"href":360},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","baghouses",[69,363,364],{"href":275},"SCR catalysts",[69,366,368],{"href":367},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","boiler heat-transfer surfaces",[69,370,371],{"href":253},"hoppers and silos",".",[75,374,376],{"id":375},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[57,378,379,380,384],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[69,381,383],{"href":382},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[75,386,388],{"id":387},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[80,390,391,401],{},[83,392,393],{},[86,394,395,398],{},[89,396,397],{},"Parameter",[89,399,400],{},"Typical range",[99,402,403,411,419,427,435,443],{},[86,404,405,408],{},[104,406,407],{},"Fundamental frequency",[104,409,410],{},"60–400 Hz",[86,412,413,416],{},[104,414,415],{},"Sound pressure level",[104,417,418],{},"140–180 dB",[86,420,421,424],{},[104,422,423],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[104,425,426],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[86,428,429,432],{},[104,430,431],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[104,433,434],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[86,436,437,440],{},[104,438,439],{},"Firing cycle",[104,441,442],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[86,444,445,448],{},[104,446,447],{},"Mass",[104,449,450],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[75,452,454],{"id":453},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[57,456,457,458,277,462,465,466,277,470,472,473,277,476,480,481,250,483,372],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[69,459,461],{"href":460},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[69,463,464],{"href":285},"recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[69,467,469],{"href":468},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[69,471,249],{"href":248},". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[69,474,475],{"href":360},"fabric-filter compartments",[69,477,479],{"href":478},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[69,482,226],{"href":225},[69,484,486],{"href":485},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[75,488,490],{"id":489},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[57,492,493,494,498],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[69,495,497],{"href":496},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[75,500,145],{"id":144},[147,502,503,508,514,518,522],{},[150,504,505],{},[69,506,507],{"href":351},"Acoustic cleaner",[150,509,510],{},[69,511,513],{"href":512},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",[150,515,516],{},[69,517,155],{"href":154},[150,519,520],{},[69,521,300],{"href":208},[150,523,524],{},[69,525,526],{"href":225},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":162,"searchDepth":163,"depth":163,"links":528},[529,530,531,532,533],{"id":375,"depth":163,"text":376},{"id":387,"depth":163,"text":388},{"id":453,"depth":163,"text":454},{"id":489,"depth":163,"text":490},{"id":144,"depth":163,"text":145},"A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[537,538,539,175,321,540],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","sonic-sootblower","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":542,"description":543},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[545,548,551],{"title":546,"url":547},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":549,"url":550},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":552,"url":553},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",1782613746937]