[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1243},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:fabric-filter":45,"glossary-related:fabric-filter":267},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":52,"category":182,"description":244,"extension":245,"meta":246,"navigation":247,"path":248,"relatedTerms":249,"seo":255,"sources":258,"stem":265,"term":47,"__hash__":266},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter.md","Fabric filter",[49,50,51],"fabric filters","bag filter","dust collector (fabric)",{"type":53,"value":54,"toc":237},"minimark",[55,79,84,168,172,204,208],[56,57,58,59,63,64,69,70,74,75,78],"p",{},"A ",[60,61,62],"strong",{},"fabric filter"," is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate from a gas stream by passing the gas through woven or felted fibre media — usually in the form of cylindrical ",[65,66,68],"a",{"href":67},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffilter-bag","filter bags"," — collecting dust as a cake on the bag surface and periodically releasing the cake into a hopper below. Fabric filters are the dominant particulate-control choice on cement plants, ",[65,71,73],{"href":72},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","waste-to-energy"," plants, ",[65,76,77],{"href":72},"biomass"," boilers, metallurgical off-gas, food and chemical process exhaust.",[80,81,83],"h2",{"id":82},"why-fabric-filters-compete-with-esps","Why fabric filters compete with ESPs",[85,86,87,105],"table",{},[88,89,90],"thead",{},[91,92,93,97,99],"tr",{},[94,95,96],"th",{},"Attribute",[94,98,47],{},[94,100,101],{},[65,102,104],{"href":103},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESP",[106,107,108,120,135,146,157],"tbody",{},[91,109,110,114,117],{},[111,112,113],"td",{},"Outlet particulate",[111,115,116],{},"\u003C 5 mg\u002FNm³ typical, \u003C 1 mg\u002FNm³ achievable",[111,118,119],{},"10–30 mg\u002FNm³ typical",[91,121,122,129,132],{},[111,123,124,125],{},"Insensitivity to dust ",[65,126,128],{"href":127},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fresistivity","resistivity",[111,130,131],{},"Yes",[111,133,134],{},"No (back-corona risk)",[91,136,137,140,143],{},[111,138,139],{},"Energy consumption",[111,141,142],{},"Higher (ΔP overcomes filter resistance)",[111,144,145],{},"Lower (electrostatic field only)",[91,147,148,151,154],{},[111,149,150],{},"Sensitivity to moisture \u002F dew point",[111,152,153],{},"High",[111,155,156],{},"Lower",[91,158,159,162,165],{},[111,160,161],{},"Footprint",[111,163,164],{},"Typically smaller",[111,166,167],{},"Typically larger",[80,169,171],{"id":170},"where-sonic-horns-fit","Where sonic horns fit",[56,173,174,178,179,183,184,188,189,193,194,198,199,203],{},[65,175,177],{"href":176},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," installed on a ",[65,180,182],{"href":181},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse","baghouse"," supplement the primary cleaning system (",[65,185,187],{"href":186},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpulse-jet-baghouse","pulse-jet",", ",[65,190,192],{"href":191},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freverse-air-baghouse","reverse-air"," or ",[65,195,197],{"href":196},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fshaker-baghouse","shaker",") by reaching dust the primary cleaning misses, reducing ",[65,200,202],{"href":201},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdifferential-pressure-baghouse","differential pressure",", extending bag life and dislodging cake bridging in hoppers below the bags.",[80,205,207],{"id":206},"related-terms","Related terms",[209,210,211,217,222,227,232],"ul",{},[212,213,214],"li",{},[65,215,216],{"href":181},"Baghouse",[212,218,219],{},[65,220,221],{"href":186},"Pulse-jet baghouse",[212,223,224],{},[65,225,226],{"href":67},"Filter bag",[212,228,229],{},[65,230,231],{"href":201},"Differential pressure (baghouse)",[212,233,234],{},[65,235,236],{"href":176},"Sonic horn",{"title":238,"searchDepth":239,"depth":239,"links":240},"",2,[241,242,243],{"id":82,"depth":239,"text":83},{"id":170,"depth":239,"text":171},{"id":206,"depth":239,"text":207},"A fabric filter is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate from a gas stream by passing the gas through woven or felted fibre media — usually in the form of cylindrical filter bags — collecting dust as a cake on the bag surface and periodically releasing the cake into a hopper below. Fabric filters are the dominant particulate-control choice on cement plants, waste-to-energy plants, biomass boilers, metallurgical off-gas, food and chemical process exhaust.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter",[182,250,251,252,253,254],"pulse-jet-baghouse","reverse-air-baghouse","filter-bag","sonic-horn","differential-pressure-baghouse",{"title":256,"description":257},"Fabric filter — principle, types and acoustic-cleaning benefits","A fabric filter removes particulate from a gas stream by passing it through woven or felted bag media. Sonic horns supplement primary cleaning and reduce differential pressure.",[259,262],{"title":260,"url":261},"Wikipedia — Baghouse","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaghouse",{"title":263,"url":264},"Micronics — Sonic Horns for Baghouses","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.micronicsinc.com\u002Fdry-baghouse-filtration\u002Fparts\u002Fbaghouse-accessories\u002Fsonic-horns\u002F","glossary\u002Ffabric-filter","8AjQCKacGq0ZjbUhSjLFzVTtXfqr32f0IVjT2bihoZo",[268,381,495,611,833,1063],{"id":269,"title":216,"aliases":270,"body":274,"category":182,"description":369,"extension":245,"meta":370,"navigation":247,"path":181,"relatedTerms":371,"seo":374,"sources":377,"stem":379,"term":216,"__hash__":380},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse.md",[271,272,273],"baghouses","bag filter house","dust collector house",{"type":53,"value":275,"toc":364},[276,294,298,308,312,315,332,334],[56,277,58,278,280,281,188,285,289,290,293],{},[60,279,182],{}," is the structural enclosure that houses the bags, cages, cleaning system, ",[65,282,284],{"href":283},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftubesheet","tubesheet",[65,286,288],{"href":287},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fplenum-clean-side-dirty-side","plenums"," and hoppers of a ",[65,291,292],{"href":248},"fabric-filter"," dust collector. The word is used in both broad (\"the plant has a 12-compartment baghouse\") and narrow (\"a baghouse is the housing, the fabric filter is the system\") senses; in everyday industry practice the two terms overlap.",[80,295,297],{"id":296},"compartmented-design","Compartmented design",[56,299,300,301,303,304,307],{},"Large industrial baghouses are subdivided into several compartments — each with its own gas-flow damper — so that one compartment can be isolated for offline cleaning or bag replacement while the rest stay online. The standard ",[65,302,187],{"href":186}," compartment count for utility duty is 8–16; cement and ",[65,305,306],{"href":72},"WtE"," baghouses may run 20+.",[80,309,311],{"id":310},"why-sonic-horns-help","Why sonic horns help",[56,313,314],{},"Sonic horns mounted at compartment level address fouling that the primary cleaning system (pulse-jet, reverse-air or shaker) cannot reach:",[209,316,317,320,326,329],{},[212,318,319],{},"Bag-row dead zones at the back of the compartment",[212,321,322,325],{},[65,323,324],{"href":283},"Tubesheet"," area dust deposits",[212,327,328],{},"Hopper bridging below the bags",[212,330,331],{},"Inlet-plenum dust dropout",[80,333,207],{"id":206},[209,335,336,340,344,349,354,360],{},[212,337,338],{},[65,339,47],{"href":248},[212,341,342],{},[65,343,221],{"href":186},[212,345,346],{},[65,347,348],{"href":191},"Reverse-air baghouse",[212,350,351],{},[65,352,353],{"href":196},"Shaker baghouse",[212,355,356],{},[65,357,359],{"href":358},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcompartment-isolation","Compartment isolation",[212,361,362],{},[65,363,236],{"href":176},{"title":238,"searchDepth":239,"depth":239,"links":365},[366,367,368],{"id":296,"depth":239,"text":297},{"id":310,"depth":239,"text":311},{"id":206,"depth":239,"text":207},"A baghouse is the structural enclosure that houses the bags, cages, cleaning system, tubesheet, plenums and hoppers of a fabric-filter dust collector. The word is used in both broad (\"the plant has a 12-compartment baghouse\") and narrow (\"a baghouse is the housing, the fabric filter is the system\") senses; in everyday industry practice the two terms overlap.",{},[292,250,251,372,373,253],"shaker-baghouse","compartment-isolation",{"title":375,"description":376},"Baghouse — vessel that houses fabric-filter bags for industrial dust control","A baghouse is the structural enclosure that holds the bags, cages, tubesheet, cleaning system and hoppers of a fabric-filter dust collector. Sized in compartments for online isolation.",[378],{"title":260,"url":261},"glossary\u002Fbaghouse","TraeRQp5lNGOrkFkwjsoYRrhIIRrMkFonwryXyc1wGw",{"id":382,"title":221,"aliases":383,"body":387,"category":182,"description":483,"extension":245,"meta":484,"navigation":247,"path":186,"relatedTerms":485,"seo":487,"sources":490,"stem":493,"term":221,"__hash__":494},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpulse-jet-baghouse.md",[384,385,386],"pulse jet baghouse","pulse-jet filter","PJBH",{"type":53,"value":388,"toc":478},[389,402,406,425,429,432,446,453,455],[56,390,58,391,394,395,397,398,401],{},[60,392,393],{},"pulse-jet baghouse"," is a ",[65,396,62],{"href":248}," design in which each ",[65,399,400],{"href":67},"filter bag"," is cleaned by a brief, high-pressure pulse of compressed air directed downwards into the open top of the bag. The pulse momentarily reverses the gas flow through the bag wall, dislodges the dust cake, and lets it fall into the hopper. Pulse-jet is the dominant industrial baghouse design for new installations.",[80,403,405],{"id":404},"how-a-pulse-jet-cycle-runs","How a pulse-jet cycle runs",[56,407,408,409,411,412,414,415,419,420,424],{},"Solenoid valves on a manifold above the ",[65,410,284],{"href":283}," fire one row at a time, typically every 1–10 minutes during normal operation, more often when ",[65,413,202],{"href":201}," climbs. Pulse duration is 100–300 ms at 4–7 bar. The cleaning is ",[416,417,418],"em",{},"online",": the rest of the baghouse continues filtering during each pulse. See ",[65,421,423],{"href":422},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpulse-jet-cleaning-cycle","pulse-jet cleaning cycle",".",[80,426,428],{"id":427},"where-pulse-jet-underperforms","Where pulse-jet underperforms",[56,430,431],{},"Pulse-jet cleaning is highly effective on the bag surface directly under the venturi nozzle, but weaker on:",[209,433,434,437,440,443],{},[212,435,436],{},"Bag rows at the back of the compartment, furthest from the manifold",[212,438,439],{},"The top and bottom inches of each bag where the pulse loses momentum",[212,441,442],{},"Tubesheet area between rows where airborne dust resettles",[212,444,445],{},"Compartment hoppers, which the pulse cannot reach at all",[56,447,448,449,452],{},"Adding ",[65,450,451],{"href":176},"sonic horns"," at the compartment roof and at the hopper wall closes these gaps, reducing total compressed-air consumption per kg of dust cleaned and extending bag life.",[80,454,207],{"id":206},[209,456,457,461,465,470,474],{},[212,458,459],{},[65,460,216],{"href":181},[212,462,463],{},[65,464,226],{"href":67},[212,466,467],{},[65,468,469],{"href":422},"Pulse-jet cleaning cycle",[212,471,472],{},[65,473,231],{"href":201},[212,475,476],{},[65,477,236],{"href":176},{"title":238,"searchDepth":239,"depth":239,"links":479},[480,481,482],{"id":404,"depth":239,"text":405},{"id":427,"depth":239,"text":428},{"id":206,"depth":239,"text":207},"A pulse-jet baghouse is a fabric filter design in which each filter bag is cleaned by a brief, high-pressure pulse of compressed air directed downwards into the open top of the bag. The pulse momentarily reverses the gas flow through the bag wall, dislodges the dust cake, and lets it fall into the hopper. Pulse-jet is the dominant industrial baghouse design for new installations.",{},[182,252,486,254,253],"pulse-jet-cleaning-cycle",{"title":488,"description":489},"Pulse-jet baghouse — short reverse-pulse cleaning while online","A pulse-jet baghouse cleans bags with brief, high-pressure reverse-air pulses while staying on-line. The dominant industrial fabric-filter design for new installations.",[491,492],{"title":260,"url":261},{"title":263,"url":264},"glossary\u002Fpulse-jet-baghouse","oII2ot9x7DDD5B_k0HtTsFgDF5ZIGi7x0O0Qc826Jlo",{"id":496,"title":348,"aliases":497,"body":500,"category":182,"description":598,"extension":245,"meta":599,"navigation":247,"path":191,"relatedTerms":600,"seo":601,"sources":604,"stem":609,"term":348,"__hash__":610},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Freverse-air-baghouse.md",[498,499],"reverse air baghouse","RA baghouse",{"type":53,"value":501,"toc":593},[502,511,515,561,565,573,575],[56,503,58,504,507,508,510],{},[60,505,506],{},"reverse-air baghouse"," cleans its ",[65,509,68],{"href":67}," by isolating one compartment at a time from the main gas flow and forcing low-pressure clean air through the bags in the reverse direction. The reverse flow gently collapses the cake from the bag surface, which then falls into the hopper. Reverse-air design is common on coal-fired utility-boiler baghouses and on older industrial installations.",[80,512,514],{"id":513},"strengths-and-weaknesses","Strengths and weaknesses",[85,516,517,527],{},[88,518,519],{},[91,520,521,524],{},[94,522,523],{},"Strength",[94,525,526],{},"Weakness",[106,528,529,537,545,553],{},[91,530,531,534],{},[111,532,533],{},"Gentle cleaning extends bag life",[111,535,536],{},"Compartment must be offline during cleaning",[91,538,539,542],{},[111,540,541],{},"Low compressed-air consumption",[111,543,544],{},"Requires a larger total bag area for the same duty",[91,546,547,550],{},[111,548,549],{},"Tolerates long fibreglass bags",[111,551,552],{},"Slower cleaning cycle",[91,554,555,558],{},[111,556,557],{},"Lower bag wear than pulse-jet",[111,559,560],{},"Cleaning intensity not easily varied",[80,562,564],{"id":563},"where-sonic-horns-help","Where sonic horns help",[56,566,567,568,570,571,424],{},"The gentle nature of reverse-air cleaning leaves residual cake that gradually accumulates over time. ",[65,569,177],{"href":176}," mounted at the compartment roof break up the residual cake without the bag wear of more aggressive primary cleaning, defer the need for offline manual cleaning and reduce average ",[65,572,202],{"href":201},[80,574,207],{"id":206},[209,576,577,581,585,589],{},[212,578,579],{},[65,580,216],{"href":181},[212,582,583],{},[65,584,226],{"href":67},[212,586,587],{},[65,588,359],{"href":358},[212,590,591],{},[65,592,236],{"href":176},{"title":238,"searchDepth":239,"depth":239,"links":594},[595,596,597],{"id":513,"depth":239,"text":514},{"id":563,"depth":239,"text":564},{"id":206,"depth":239,"text":207},"A reverse-air baghouse cleans its filter bags by isolating one compartment at a time from the main gas flow and forcing low-pressure clean air through the bags in the reverse direction. The reverse flow gently collapses the cake from the bag surface, which then falls into the hopper. Reverse-air design is common on coal-fired utility-boiler baghouses and on older industrial installations.",{},[182,252,373,253],{"title":602,"description":603},"Reverse-air baghouse — offline compartment cleaning with low-pressure flow","A reverse-air baghouse cleans bags by isolating a compartment and passing low-pressure clean air through the bags in the reverse direction. Common on coal-fired utility duty.",[605,606],{"title":260,"url":261},{"title":607,"url":608},"Neundorfer — Sonic Horns to Enhance RA & Shaker Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.neundorfer.com\u002Fknowledge-base\u002Fsonic-horns-to-enhance-ra-shaker-cleaning\u002F","glossary\u002Freverse-air-baghouse","p4ieVvZkXENtxj82QpCOylgn5v4YyCV30-4Gs7cy1JE",{"id":612,"title":226,"aliases":613,"body":615,"category":182,"description":818,"extension":245,"meta":819,"navigation":247,"path":67,"relatedTerms":820,"seo":826,"sources":829,"stem":831,"term":226,"__hash__":832},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ffilter-bag.md",[68,614],"bag (baghouse)",{"type":53,"value":616,"toc":813},[617,633,637,649,742,746,781,783],[56,618,58,619,621,622,624,625,627,628,632],{},[60,620,400],{}," is the cylindrical fabric sock that traps particulate inside a ",[65,623,62],{"href":248},". Bags are typically 120–300 mm in diameter and 2–10 m long, suspended vertically from the ",[65,626,284],{"href":283},", supported internally by a wire ",[65,629,631],{"href":630},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbag-cage","bag cage"," and sealed at the top by a snap-band collar.",[80,634,636],{"id":635},"media-selection","Media selection",[56,638,639,640,644,645,424],{},"Bag media must match the application temperature, gas chemistry, dust load and cleaning system. See ",[65,641,643],{"href":642},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fp84-nomex-ryton-filter-media","P84 \u002F Nomex \u002F Ryton filter media"," and ",[65,646,648],{"href":647},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fptfe-membrane-filter-bag","PTFE membrane filter bag",[85,650,651,664],{},[88,652,653],{},[91,654,655,658,661],{},[94,656,657],{},"Material",[94,659,660],{},"Max continuous temp",[94,662,663],{},"Typical use",[106,665,666,677,688,699,710,721,732],{},[91,667,668,671,674],{},[111,669,670],{},"Polyester",[111,672,673],{},"135 °C",[111,675,676],{},"Cement, food, light industrial",[91,678,679,682,685],{},[111,680,681],{},"Polypropylene",[111,683,684],{},"90 °C",[111,686,687],{},"Wet chemistry, washdown",[91,689,690,693,696],{},[111,691,692],{},"Nomex (aramid)",[111,694,695],{},"200 °C",[111,697,698],{},"Asphalt, metallurgical",[91,700,701,704,707],{},[111,702,703],{},"P84 (polyimide)",[111,705,706],{},"240 °C",[111,708,709],{},"Cement, biomass",[91,711,712,715,718],{},[111,713,714],{},"Ryton (PPS)",[111,716,717],{},"190 °C",[111,719,720],{},"Coal-fired utility, sulphur-rich",[91,722,723,726,729],{},[111,724,725],{},"Fibreglass",[111,727,728],{},"260 °C",[111,730,731],{},"Cement, WtE high-temperature",[91,733,734,737,739],{},[111,735,736],{},"PTFE (Teflon)",[111,738,728],{},[111,740,741],{},"Aggressive chemistry, sub-mg outlet",[80,743,745],{"id":744},"failure-modes","Failure modes",[209,747,748,757,763,769,775],{},[212,749,750,756],{},[60,751,752],{},[65,753,755],{"href":754},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbag-blinding","Bag blinding"," — pore choking that raises ΔP",[212,758,759,762],{},[60,760,761],{},"Abrasion"," — wear at the bottom of the bag from falling cake",[212,764,765,768],{},[60,766,767],{},"Thermal degradation"," — exceeding the media's continuous-service rating",[212,770,771,774],{},[60,772,773],{},"Hydrolysis \u002F acid attack"," — at the cold end below the acid dew point",[212,776,777,780],{},[60,778,779],{},"Cage corrosion"," — failure of the cage allows bag collapse",[80,782,207],{"id":206},[209,784,785,789,793,798,803,809],{},[212,786,787],{},[65,788,47],{"href":248},[212,790,791],{},[65,792,216],{"href":181},[212,794,795],{},[65,796,797],{"href":630},"Bag cage",[212,799,800],{},[65,801,802],{"href":647},"PTFE-membrane filter bag",[212,804,805],{},[65,806,808],{"href":807},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffibreglass-filter-bag","Fibreglass filter bag",[212,810,811],{},[65,812,755],{"href":754},{"title":238,"searchDepth":239,"depth":239,"links":814},[815,816,817],{"id":635,"depth":239,"text":636},{"id":744,"depth":239,"text":745},{"id":206,"depth":239,"text":207},"A filter bag is the cylindrical fabric sock that traps particulate inside a fabric filter. Bags are typically 120–300 mm in diameter and 2–10 m long, suspended vertically from the tubesheet, supported internally by a wire bag cage and sealed at the top by a snap-band collar.",{},[292,182,821,822,823,824,825],"bag-cage","ptfe-membrane-filter-bag","fibreglass-filter-bag","p84-nomex-ryton-filter-media","bag-blinding",{"title":827,"description":828},"Filter bag — the cylindrical fabric element of a baghouse","A filter bag is the cylindrical fabric sock that traps particulate inside a fabric filter. Media selection depends on temperature, gas chemistry, dust load and cleaning cycle.",[830],{"title":260,"url":261},"glossary\u002Ffilter-bag","c5qm1D9QdtuF4K2dtGAjDJ_qJJmuF0iuEqVTUcRXqww",{"id":834,"title":236,"aliases":835,"body":838,"category":1038,"description":1039,"extension":245,"meta":1040,"navigation":247,"path":176,"relatedTerms":1041,"seo":1048,"sources":1051,"stem":1061,"term":236,"__hash__":1062},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[451,836,837],"sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":53,"value":839,"toc":1031},[840,868,872,880,884,946,950,987,991,999,1001],[56,841,58,842,845,846,850,851,188,854,188,856,188,860,644,864,424],{},[60,843,844],{},"sonic horn"," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[65,847,849],{"href":848},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[65,852,853],{"href":103},"ESPs",[65,855,271],{"href":248},[65,857,859],{"href":858},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[65,861,863],{"href":862},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","boiler heat-transfer surfaces",[65,865,867],{"href":866},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",[80,869,871],{"id":870},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[56,873,874,875,879],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[65,876,878],{"href":877},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[80,881,883],{"id":882},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[85,885,886,896],{},[88,887,888],{},[91,889,890,893],{},[94,891,892],{},"Parameter",[94,894,895],{},"Typical range",[106,897,898,906,914,922,930,938],{},[91,899,900,903],{},[111,901,902],{},"Fundamental frequency",[111,904,905],{},"60–400 Hz",[91,907,908,911],{},[111,909,910],{},"Sound pressure level",[111,912,913],{},"140–180 dB",[91,915,916,919],{},[111,917,918],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[111,920,921],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[91,923,924,927],{},[111,925,926],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[111,928,929],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[91,931,932,935],{},[111,933,934],{},"Firing cycle",[111,936,937],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[91,939,940,943],{},[111,941,942],{},"Mass",[111,944,945],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[80,947,949],{"id":948},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[56,951,952,953,188,957,961,962,188,966,970,971,188,974,978,979,644,983,424],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[65,954,956],{"href":955},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[65,958,960],{"href":959},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[65,963,965],{"href":964},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[65,967,969],{"href":968},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[65,972,973],{"href":248},"fabric-filter compartments",[65,975,977],{"href":976},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[65,980,982],{"href":981},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[65,984,986],{"href":985},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[80,988,990],{"id":989},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[56,992,993,994,998],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[65,995,997],{"href":996},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[80,1000,207],{"id":206},[209,1002,1003,1008,1014,1020,1026],{},[212,1004,1005],{},[65,1006,1007],{"href":848},"Acoustic cleaner",[212,1009,1010],{},[65,1011,1013],{"href":1012},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",[212,1015,1016],{},[65,1017,1019],{"href":1018},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[212,1021,1022],{},[65,1023,1025],{"href":1024},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","Diaphragm horn",[212,1027,1028],{},[65,1029,1030],{"href":981},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":238,"searchDepth":239,"depth":239,"links":1032},[1033,1034,1035,1036,1037],{"id":870,"depth":239,"text":871},{"id":882,"depth":239,"text":883},{"id":948,"depth":239,"text":949},{"id":989,"depth":239,"text":990},{"id":206,"depth":239,"text":207},"core-technology","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[1042,1043,1044,1045,1046,1047],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","sonic-sootblower","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":1049,"description":1050},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[1052,1055,1058],{"title":1053,"url":1054},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":1056,"url":1057},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":1059,"url":1060},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",{"id":1064,"title":231,"aliases":1065,"body":1070,"category":182,"description":1230,"extension":245,"meta":1231,"navigation":247,"path":201,"relatedTerms":1232,"seo":1234,"sources":1237,"stem":1241,"term":231,"__hash__":1242},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fdifferential-pressure-baghouse.md",[1066,1067,1068,1069],"baghouse ΔP","baghouse delta-P","filter ΔP","baghouse dP",{"type":53,"value":1071,"toc":1224},[1072,1092,1096,1174,1178,1185,1189,1194,1196],[56,1073,1074,1077,1078,1080,1081,1084,1085,193,1089,424],{},[60,1075,1076],{},"Differential pressure (ΔP)"," across a ",[65,1079,182],{"href":181}," is the pressure drop between the dirty-gas inlet ",[65,1082,1083],{"href":287},"plenum"," and the clean-gas outlet plenum. ΔP is the headline operational KPI for any fabric filter: too low signals broken bags or open compartments, too high signals fouling, ",[65,1086,1088],{"href":1087},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcake-bridging-cake-blinding","bridging",[65,1090,1091],{"href":754},"blinding",[80,1093,1095],{"id":1094},"typical-operating-bands","Typical operating bands",[85,1097,1098,1114],{},[88,1099,1100],{},[91,1101,1102,1105,1108,1111],{},[94,1103,1104],{},"Application",[94,1106,1107],{},"Normal ΔP",[94,1109,1110],{},"Alarm",[94,1112,1113],{},"Trip",[106,1115,1116,1132,1148,1161],{},[91,1117,1118,1123,1126,1129],{},[111,1119,1120,1121],{},"Cement ",[65,1122,187],{"href":186},[111,1124,1125],{},"8–15 mbar (3–6 inWG)",[111,1127,1128],{},"20 mbar",[111,1130,1131],{},"25 mbar",[91,1133,1134,1139,1142,1145],{},[111,1135,1136,1137],{},"Coal utility ",[65,1138,192],{"href":191},[111,1140,1141],{},"10–18 mbar",[111,1143,1144],{},"22 mbar",[111,1146,1147],{},"28 mbar",[91,1149,1150,1153,1156,1158],{},[111,1151,1152],{},"WtE pulse-jet",[111,1154,1155],{},"12–20 mbar",[111,1157,1131],{},[111,1159,1160],{},"32 mbar",[91,1162,1163,1166,1169,1172],{},[111,1164,1165],{},"Light industrial pulse-jet",[111,1167,1168],{},"5–12 mbar",[111,1170,1171],{},"18 mbar",[111,1173,1131],{},[80,1175,1177],{"id":1176},"why-operators-obsess-over-δp","Why operators obsess over ΔP",[56,1179,1180,1181,1184],{},"Every additional mbar of ΔP costs ID-fan power and reduces plant throughput. A 5-mbar ΔP rise on a large coal-fired baghouse can mean hundreds of kW of additional fan power and the loss of a few MW of derate-induced generation. Sustained high ΔP also accelerates ",[65,1182,1183],{"href":754},"bag blinding"," and triggers premature bag-change campaigns.",[80,1186,1188],{"id":1187},"how-sonic-horns-reduce-δp","How sonic horns reduce ΔP",[56,1190,1191,1193],{},[65,1192,177],{"href":176}," keep the bag-surface cake from consolidating into the medium between primary cleaning cycles. Pulse-jet, reverse-air or shaker cleaning then has less work to do and removes a larger fraction of the cake. Plants retrofitting sonic horns commonly see 2–5 mbar ΔP reduction and 25–40% extension of bag life.",[80,1195,207],{"id":206},[209,1197,1198,1202,1206,1212,1216,1220],{},[212,1199,1200],{},[65,1201,47],{"href":248},[212,1203,1204],{},[65,1205,216],{"href":181},[212,1207,1208],{},[65,1209,1211],{"href":1210},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffilter-cake","Filter cake",[212,1213,1214],{},[65,1215,755],{"href":754},[212,1217,1218],{},[65,1219,469],{"href":422},[212,1221,1222],{},[65,1223,236],{"href":176},{"title":238,"searchDepth":239,"depth":239,"links":1225},[1226,1227,1228,1229],{"id":1094,"depth":239,"text":1095},{"id":1176,"depth":239,"text":1177},{"id":1187,"depth":239,"text":1188},{"id":206,"depth":239,"text":207},"Differential pressure (ΔP) across a baghouse is the pressure drop between the dirty-gas inlet plenum and the clean-gas outlet plenum. ΔP is the headline operational KPI for any fabric filter: too low signals broken bags or open compartments, too high signals fouling, bridging or blinding.",{},[292,182,1233,825,486,253],"filter-cake",{"title":1235,"description":1236},"Differential pressure (baghouse ΔP) — the headline KPI for fabric filters","Differential pressure (ΔP) across a baghouse is the pressure drop between dirty and clean plenums. It is the headline operational KPI: too low signals broken bags, too high signals fouling.",[1238],{"title":1239,"url":1240},"Sly Inc — How to Monitor Baghouse Health Through Differential Pressure","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.slyinc.com\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-monitor-baghouse-health-through-differential-pressure\u002F","glossary\u002Fdifferential-pressure-baghouse","5pIag8o_scInCb_UF6sVlqlEgtkNoIR5M4nNm3qHxk4",1782613721171]