[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":994},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:diaphragm-horn":45,"glossary-related:diaphragm-horn":180},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":51,"category":156,"description":157,"extension":158,"meta":159,"navigation":160,"path":161,"relatedTerms":162,"seo":168,"sources":171,"stem":178,"term":47,"__hash__":179},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn.md","Diaphragm horn",[49,50],"diaphragm sonic horn","diaphragm-driven horn",{"type":52,"value":53,"toc":148},"minimark",[54,84,89,97,101,104,108,120,124],[55,56,57,58,62,63,68,69,73,74,78,79,83],"p",{},"A ",[59,60,61],"strong",{},"diaphragm horn"," is a ",[64,65,67],"a",{"href":66},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horn"," in which the cleaning sound is produced by a metal diaphragm vibrating at its design frequency under pulsed compressed-air pressure. The diaphragm — typically ",[64,70,72],{"href":71},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftitanium-diaphragm","titanium"," or ",[64,75,77],{"href":76},"\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-316-316l-stainless","316 stainless steel"," — sits between the air-supply chamber and the throat of the ",[64,80,82],{"href":81},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","bell horn"," and is the part most exposed to wear.",[85,86,88],"h2",{"id":87},"how-it-generates-sound","How it generates sound",[55,90,91,92,96],{},"Compressed air admitted by a ",[64,93,95],{"href":94},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," raises pressure behind the diaphragm. At the design frequency the diaphragm flexes inward, vents the chamber, snaps back under spring tension, re-pressurises and repeats — a self-sustaining oscillation that converts steady air supply into a tonal acoustic output. The bell then amplifies and projects the wave into the vessel.",[85,98,100],{"id":99},"why-it-dominates-the-market","Why it dominates the market",[55,102,103],{},"Most low-to-mid-frequency industrial sonic horns are diaphragm-driven because the design is mechanically simple, tolerates rough industrial air, sustains 140 to 180 dB output without auxiliary power, and the only routine wear part — the diaphragm — is field-replaceable in under an hour. Titanium diaphragms typically last three to five years under normal duty before output drift signals a replacement.",[85,105,107],{"id":106},"diaphragm-horn-vs-piston-whistle-horn","Diaphragm horn vs piston-whistle horn",[55,109,110,114,115,119],{},[64,111,113],{"href":112},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpiston-whistle-horn","Piston-whistle horns"," use a moving piston-and-whistle assembly rather than a flexing diaphragm. They tend to operate at higher frequencies and shorter dwell times, suit fine dust loads in ",[64,116,118],{"href":117},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","fabric filters",", and have a different wear profile. Diaphragm horns dominate the 60–250 Hz band; piston-whistle and related designs are more common above 250 Hz.",[85,121,123],{"id":122},"related-terms","Related terms",[125,126,127,133,138,143],"ul",{},[128,129,130],"li",{},[64,131,132],{"href":66},"Sonic horn",[128,134,135],{},[64,136,137],{"href":81},"Bell horn",[128,139,140],{},[64,141,142],{"href":112},"Piston-whistle horn",[128,144,145],{},[64,146,147],{"href":71},"Titanium diaphragm",{"title":149,"searchDepth":150,"depth":150,"links":151},"",2,[152,153,154,155],{"id":87,"depth":150,"text":88},{"id":99,"depth":150,"text":100},{"id":106,"depth":150,"text":107},{"id":122,"depth":150,"text":123},"core-technology","A diaphragm horn is a sonic horn in which the cleaning sound is produced by a metal diaphragm vibrating at its design frequency under pulsed compressed-air pressure. The diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless steel — sits between the air-supply chamber and the throat of the bell horn and is the part most exposed to wear.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn",[163,164,165,166,167],"sonic-horn","bell-horn","piston-whistle-horn","titanium-diaphragm","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":169,"description":170},"Diaphragm horn — driver type, materials and typical frequencies","A diaphragm horn is a sonic horn whose sound is generated by a vibrating titanium or stainless-steel diaphragm driven by pulsed compressed air. The dominant form-factor for low-frequency industrial cleaning.",[172,175],{"title":173,"url":174},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":176,"url":177},"Wikipedia — Acoustic cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAcoustic_cleaning","glossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","dtvm3Iiw8hZJrGOuS4cubbp0rZvl9thGaUD53Ulu_k4",[181,411,540,720,797],{"id":182,"title":132,"aliases":183,"body":187,"category":156,"description":391,"extension":158,"meta":392,"navigation":160,"path":66,"relatedTerms":393,"seo":398,"sources":401,"stem":409,"term":132,"__hash__":410},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[184,185,186],"sonic horns","sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":52,"value":188,"toc":384},[189,221,225,231,235,303,307,344,348,356,358],[55,190,57,191,193,194,198,199,203,204,203,207,203,211,215,216,220],{},[59,192,67],{}," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[64,195,197],{"href":196},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[64,200,202],{"href":201},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",", ",[64,205,206],{"href":117},"baghouses",[64,208,210],{"href":209},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[64,212,214],{"href":213},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","boiler heat-transfer surfaces"," and ",[64,217,219],{"href":218},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",".",[85,222,224],{"id":223},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[55,226,227,228,230],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[64,229,95],{"href":94}," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[85,232,234],{"id":233},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[236,237,238,251],"table",{},[239,240,241],"thead",{},[242,243,244,248],"tr",{},[245,246,247],"th",{},"Parameter",[245,249,250],{},"Typical range",[252,253,254,263,271,279,287,295],"tbody",{},[242,255,256,260],{},[257,258,259],"td",{},"Fundamental frequency",[257,261,262],{},"60–400 Hz",[242,264,265,268],{},[257,266,267],{},"Sound pressure level",[257,269,270],{},"140–180 dB",[242,272,273,276],{},[257,274,275],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[257,277,278],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[242,280,281,284],{},[257,282,283],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[257,285,286],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[242,288,289,292],{},[257,290,291],{},"Firing cycle",[257,293,294],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[242,296,297,300],{},[257,298,299],{},"Mass",[257,301,302],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[85,304,306],{"id":305},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[55,308,309,310,203,314,318,319,203,323,327,328,203,331,335,336,215,340,220],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[64,311,313],{"href":312},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[64,315,317],{"href":316},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[64,320,322],{"href":321},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[64,324,326],{"href":325},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[64,329,330],{"href":117},"fabric-filter compartments",[64,332,334],{"href":333},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[64,337,339],{"href":338},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[64,341,343],{"href":342},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[85,345,347],{"id":346},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[55,349,350,351,355],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[64,352,354],{"href":353},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[85,357,123],{"id":122},[125,359,360,365,371,375,379],{},[128,361,362],{},[64,363,364],{"href":196},"Acoustic cleaner",[128,366,367],{},[64,368,370],{"href":369},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",[128,372,373],{},[64,374,137],{"href":81},[128,376,377],{},[64,378,47],{"href":161},[128,380,381],{},[64,382,383],{"href":338},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":149,"searchDepth":150,"depth":150,"links":385},[386,387,388,389,390],{"id":223,"depth":150,"text":224},{"id":233,"depth":150,"text":234},{"id":305,"depth":150,"text":306},{"id":346,"depth":150,"text":347},{"id":122,"depth":150,"text":123},"A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[394,395,396,164,397,167],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","sonic-sootblower","diaphragm-horn",{"title":399,"description":400},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[402,403,406],{"title":173,"url":174},{"title":404,"url":405},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":407,"url":408},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",{"id":412,"title":137,"aliases":413,"body":417,"category":156,"description":524,"extension":158,"meta":525,"navigation":160,"path":81,"relatedTerms":526,"seo":528,"sources":531,"stem":538,"term":137,"__hash__":539},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn.md",[414,415,416],"bell-shaped horn","exponential bell horn","exponential horn",{"type":52,"value":418,"toc":519},[419,434,438,452,456,497,499],[55,420,57,421,423,424,426,427,73,430,433],{},[59,422,82],{}," is the conical or exponential flare bolted to the driver of an industrial ",[64,425,67],{"href":66},". Its job is to transform the high-impedance, small-area pressure pulse from the ",[64,428,429],{"href":161},"diaphragm",[64,431,432],{"href":112},"piston-whistle"," into a lower-impedance, larger-area sound wave that couples efficiently into the gas inside the vessel.",[85,435,437],{"id":436},"why-the-geometry-matters","Why the geometry matters",[55,439,440,441,443,444,73,448,451],{},"The bell is not decorative. Its flare profile — usually exponential, sometimes catenoidal or tractrix — sets the horn's cut-off frequency: below the cut-off, the bell stops behaving as a horn and the radiated sound power collapses. A 60 Hz ",[64,442,339],{"href":338}," therefore needs a physically larger bell than a 230 Hz unit, which is why low-frequency horns are noticeably bulkier and heavier. Mounting orientation, flange standard (",[64,445,447],{"href":446},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fflange-standards-dn-ansi","DN",[64,449,450],{"href":446},"ANSI 150",") and the bell's projection distance into the vessel are all selected to match the cleaning target geometry.",[85,453,455],{"id":454},"materials","Materials",[125,457,458,469,476],{},[128,459,460,463,464,215,466],{},[59,461,462],{},"Carbon steel"," for ambient-temperature mounting on cool-side ducts, ",[64,465,326],{"href":325},[64,467,468],{"href":218},"hoppers",[128,470,471,475],{},[59,472,473],{},[64,474,77],{"href":76}," for corrosive or food-grade environments",[128,477,478,484,485,203,488,492,493,496],{},[59,479,480],{},[64,481,483],{"href":482},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finconel-625-718","Inconel 625 or 718"," for hot-side service above 350 °C, including ",[64,486,487],{"href":209},"SCR reactors",[64,489,491],{"href":490},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heater"," penthouses and ",[64,494,495],{"href":316},"recovery-boiler"," flue paths",[85,498,123],{"id":122},[125,500,501,505,509,513],{},[128,502,503],{},[64,504,132],{"href":66},[128,506,507],{},[64,508,47],{"href":161},[128,510,511],{},[64,512,142],{"href":112},[128,514,515],{},[64,516,518],{"href":517},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-horn","Acoustic horn",{"title":149,"searchDepth":150,"depth":150,"links":520},[521,522,523],{"id":436,"depth":150,"text":437},{"id":454,"depth":150,"text":455},{"id":122,"depth":150,"text":123},"A bell horn is the conical or exponential flare bolted to the driver of an industrial sonic horn. Its job is to transform the high-impedance, small-area pressure pulse from the diaphragm or piston-whistle into a lower-impedance, larger-area sound wave that couples efficiently into the gas inside the vessel.",{},[163,397,165,527],"acoustic-horn",{"title":529,"description":530},"Bell horn — definition, geometry and role in acoustic cleaning","A bell horn is the conical or exponential flare that amplifies and projects sound from an industrial sonic horn's driver into the vessel being cleaned.",[532,535],{"title":533,"url":534},"Wikipedia — Horn (acoustic)","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHorn_(acoustic)",{"title":536,"url":537},"Power Magazine — The Theory and Application of Acoustic Cleaners","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.powermag.com\u002Fthe-theory-and-application-of-acoustic-cleaners\u002F","glossary\u002Fbell-horn","gKEabZrcxtpNiaEXB65PC50sPq3KHeDc-fyn9OvYp4I",{"id":541,"title":142,"aliases":542,"body":546,"category":156,"description":709,"extension":158,"meta":710,"navigation":160,"path":112,"relatedTerms":711,"seo":713,"sources":716,"stem":718,"term":142,"__hash__":719},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpiston-whistle-horn.md",[543,544,545],"piston whistle horn","rotary-disc horn","whistle horn",{"type":52,"value":547,"toc":704},[548,559,563,566,593,607,611,683,685],[55,549,57,550,62,553,555,556,558],{},[59,551,552],{},"piston-whistle horn",[64,554,67],{"href":66}," whose sound is generated by a reciprocating piston or rotating slotted disc inside the driver, rather than by a flexing ",[64,557,429],{"href":161},". The mechanism is closer to a steam-whistle or ship's siren scaled to industrial duty, and tends to occupy the upper end of the audible cleaning band — 250 to 450 Hz.",[85,560,562],{"id":561},"where-piston-whistle-horns-are-preferred","Where piston-whistle horns are preferred",[55,564,565],{},"Higher frequencies carry more acoustic energy per unit volume and couple efficiently into compact internal geometries. That makes piston-whistle and related high-frequency designs the usual choice for:",[125,567,568,574,583],{},[128,569,570,573],{},[64,571,572],{"href":117},"Fabric-filter"," compartments where filter bag spacing is tight",[128,575,576,579,580,582],{},[64,577,578],{"href":333},"Catalyst layers"," in ",[64,581,487],{"href":209}," where ash needs to be lifted from cell faces rather than projected across a large open volume",[128,584,585,586,215,588,592],{},"Small ",[64,587,468],{"href":218},[64,589,591],{"href":590},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcyclone-separator","cyclones"," where wavelength matching benefits from shorter waves",[55,594,595,596,203,598,203,600,602,603,606],{},"In larger open vessels — ",[64,597,322],{"href":321},[64,599,313],{"href":312},[64,601,317],{"href":316}," — long-wavelength ",[64,604,605],{"href":338},"low-frequency"," diaphragm horns penetrate further and are usually preferred.",[85,608,610],{"id":609},"trade-offs-versus-diaphragm-horns","Trade-offs versus diaphragm horns",[236,612,613,626],{},[239,614,615],{},[242,616,617,620,622],{},[245,618,619],{},"Attribute",[245,621,142],{},[245,623,624],{},[64,625,47],{"href":161},[252,627,628,639,650,661,672],{},[242,629,630,633,636],{},[257,631,632],{},"Typical frequency band",[257,634,635],{},"250–450 Hz",[257,637,638],{},"60–250 Hz",[242,640,641,644,647],{},[257,642,643],{},"Penetration in large vessels",[257,645,646],{},"Limited",[257,648,649],{},"Excellent",[242,651,652,655,658],{},[257,653,654],{},"Energy density at the target",[257,656,657],{},"High at short range",[257,659,660],{},"Moderate over longer range",[242,662,663,666,669],{},[257,664,665],{},"Wear part",[257,667,668],{},"Piston, seals, slot disc",[257,670,671],{},"Single diaphragm",[242,673,674,677,680],{},[257,675,676],{},"Best suited to",[257,678,679],{},"Fine dust, dense catalyst, small geometries",[257,681,682],{},"Open vessels, bulk solids",[85,684,123],{"id":122},[125,686,687,691,695,700],{},[128,688,689],{},[64,690,132],{"href":66},[128,692,693],{},[64,694,47],{"href":161},[128,696,697],{},[64,698,699],{"href":342},"High-frequency acoustic cleaner",[128,701,702],{},[64,703,137],{"href":81},{"title":149,"searchDepth":150,"depth":150,"links":705},[706,707,708],{"id":561,"depth":150,"text":562},{"id":609,"depth":150,"text":610},{"id":122,"depth":150,"text":123},"A piston-whistle horn is a sonic horn whose sound is generated by a reciprocating piston or rotating slotted disc inside the driver, rather than by a flexing diaphragm. The mechanism is closer to a steam-whistle or ship's siren scaled to industrial duty, and tends to occupy the upper end of the audible cleaning band — 250 to 450 Hz.",{},[163,397,164,712],"high-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":714,"description":715},"Piston-whistle horn — high-frequency sonic horn for fine dust","A piston-whistle horn generates sound through a moving piston or rotating disc rather than a vibrating diaphragm. Best suited to high-frequency cleaning duty on fabric filters and catalyst layers.",[717],{"title":536,"url":537},"glossary\u002Fpiston-whistle-horn","YxUfCUOtrxNHj_LV3SdU9kaBYw-blqPp1Z_0-cyW3Qo",{"id":721,"title":147,"aliases":722,"body":725,"category":782,"description":783,"extension":158,"meta":784,"navigation":160,"path":71,"relatedTerms":785,"seo":788,"sources":791,"stem":795,"term":147,"__hash__":796},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ftitanium-diaphragm.md",[723,724],"Ti diaphragm","titanium driver diaphragm",{"type":52,"value":726,"toc":777},[727,736,740,747,751,759,761],[55,728,57,729,732,733,735],{},[59,730,731],{},"titanium diaphragm"," is the premium driver element in many industrial ",[64,734,184],{"href":66},". Titanium's high strength-to-weight ratio, fatigue resistance and corrosion immunity to most flue-gas chemistries make it the longest-lived diaphragm material available.",[85,737,739],{"id":738},"service-life","Service life",[55,741,742,743,746],{},"A well-installed titanium diaphragm in typical industrial duty lasts 3–5 years of continuous service before replacement, with shorter life in particularly aggressive (high-chloride, high-temperature) applications and longer life in cooler or less corrosive duty. The ",[64,744,745],{"href":76},"stainless-steel"," alternative typically lasts 1.5–3 years in the same service.",[85,748,750],{"id":749},"replacement-is-straightforward","Replacement is straightforward",[55,752,753,754,758],{},"A scheduled ",[64,755,757],{"href":756},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-replacement-sonic-horn","diaphragm replacement"," is a routine planned-maintenance task typically completed in under an hour per horn during a normal outage. Diaphragm degradation shows up as gradual SPL drift — instrumented horns flag the trend before output drops materially.",[85,760,123],{"id":122},[125,762,763,767,772],{},[128,764,765],{},[64,766,47],{"href":161},[128,768,769],{},[64,770,771],{"href":756},"Diaphragm replacement (sonic horn)",[128,773,774],{},[64,775,776],{"href":76},"AISI 316 \u002F 316L stainless",{"title":149,"searchDepth":150,"depth":150,"links":778},[779,780,781],{"id":738,"depth":150,"text":739},{"id":749,"depth":150,"text":750},{"id":122,"depth":150,"text":123},"materials-construction","A titanium diaphragm is the premium driver element in many industrial sonic horns. Titanium's high strength-to-weight ratio, fatigue resistance and corrosion immunity to most flue-gas chemistries make it the longest-lived diaphragm material available.",{},[397,786,787],"diaphragm-replacement-sonic-horn","aisi-316-316l-stainless",{"title":789,"description":790},"Titanium diaphragm — premium driver for industrial sonic horns","Titanium diaphragms provide the longest service life in industrial sonic horns — typically 3–5 years of continuous duty before replacement.",[792],{"title":793,"url":794},"Wikipedia — Titanium","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTitanium","glossary\u002Ftitanium-diaphragm","ft6GLfyFaZbTgQM6DdCpvlhKStCcpB2RKbJ2KQzofjo",{"id":798,"title":383,"aliases":799,"body":803,"category":156,"description":982,"extension":158,"meta":983,"navigation":160,"path":338,"relatedTerms":984,"seo":986,"sources":989,"stem":992,"term":383,"__hash__":993},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner.md",[800,801,802],"low frequency sonic horn","low-frequency horn","LF acoustic cleaner",{"type":52,"value":804,"toc":976},[805,816,820,826,830,885,889,950,952],[55,806,57,807,809,810,812,813,815],{},[59,808,339],{}," is an industrial ",[64,811,67],{"href":66}," whose fundamental frequency sits in the 60–250 Hz band. The long acoustic wavelength — between 1.4 and 5.7 metres in air — projects further from the ",[64,814,82],{"href":81}," than higher-frequency designs, fills large open vessels more uniformly and is the default choice for cleaning bulky industrial equipment.",[85,817,819],{"id":818},"why-frequency-choice-matters","Why frequency choice matters",[55,821,822,823,825],{},"Acoustic energy at long wavelengths diffracts around obstructions (tube banks, electrode rows, baffles) instead of being absorbed or scattered. That makes low-frequency horns the appropriate selection where the cleaning target is several metres deep and partly obstructed — most large industrial vessels fall into this category. Higher-frequency horns concentrate more energy per unit volume but lose effectiveness in deep cavities; see ",[64,824,343],{"href":342}," for the complementary case.",[85,827,829],{"id":828},"typical-applications","Typical applications",[125,831,832,838,848,859,865,878],{},[128,833,834,837],{},[64,835,836],{"href":201},"Electrostatic precipitators"," — collecting-plate cleaning, hopper de-bridging",[128,839,840,215,843,847],{},[64,841,842],{"href":312},"Preheater cyclones",[64,844,846],{"href":845},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcalciner","calciners"," in cement plants",[128,849,850,853,854,858],{},[64,851,852],{"href":316},"Kraft recovery boilers"," — superheaters, ",[64,855,857],{"href":856},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fgenerating-bank","generating banks",", economisers",[128,860,861,864],{},[64,862,863],{"href":490},"Air heater"," cold-end basket cleaning",[128,866,867,868,203,872,215,874],{},"Large ",[64,869,871],{"href":870},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffly-ash-hopper","fly-ash hoppers",[64,873,326],{"href":325},[64,875,877],{"href":876},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbunker-coal-bunker","bunkers",[128,879,880,884],{},[64,881,883],{"href":882},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-recovery-steam-generator","HRSG harp-tube banks"," in combined-cycle plants",[85,886,888],{"id":887},"indicative-selection-bands","Indicative selection bands",[236,890,891,904],{},[239,892,893],{},[242,894,895,898,901],{},[245,896,897],{},"Band",[245,899,900],{},"Wavelength in air at 20 °C",[245,902,903],{},"Typical use",[252,905,906,917,928,939],{},[242,907,908,911,914],{},[257,909,910],{},"60 Hz",[257,912,913],{},"~5.7 m",[257,915,916],{},"Very large ESPs, recovery boilers, deep silos",[242,918,919,922,925],{},[257,920,921],{},"75 Hz",[257,923,924],{},"~4.6 m",[257,926,927],{},"ESPs, preheater cyclones, large hoppers",[242,929,930,933,936],{},[257,931,932],{},"125 Hz",[257,934,935],{},"~2.7 m",[257,937,938],{},"Mid-size ESPs, baghouse compartments, calciners",[242,940,941,944,947],{},[257,942,943],{},"230 Hz",[257,945,946],{},"~1.5 m",[257,948,949],{},"Boiler convective passes, smaller hoppers, baghouses",[85,951,123],{"id":122},[125,953,954,958,962,966,972],{},[128,955,956],{},[64,957,132],{"href":66},[128,959,960],{},[64,961,364],{"href":196},[128,963,964],{},[64,965,699],{"href":342},[128,967,968],{},[64,969,971],{"href":970},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finfrasonic-cleaner","Infrasonic cleaner",[128,973,974],{},[64,975,137],{"href":81},{"title":149,"searchDepth":150,"depth":150,"links":977},[978,979,980,981],{"id":818,"depth":150,"text":819},{"id":828,"depth":150,"text":829},{"id":887,"depth":150,"text":888},{"id":122,"depth":150,"text":123},"A low-frequency acoustic cleaner is an industrial sonic horn whose fundamental frequency sits in the 60–250 Hz band. The long acoustic wavelength — between 1.4 and 5.7 metres in air — projects further from the bell horn than higher-frequency designs, fills large open vessels more uniformly and is the default choice for cleaning bulky industrial equipment.",{},[394,163,712,985,164],"infrasonic-cleaner",{"title":987,"description":988},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner — 60–250 Hz horn selection guide","Low-frequency acoustic cleaners operate at 60–250 Hz. The long wavelength penetrates deep into large open vessels such as ESPs, recovery boilers and cement preheater cyclones.",[990,991],{"title":173,"url":174},{"title":404,"url":405},"glossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","m6cj771ScgiY0798OZ0cdR03A65ardaL1YsF3e8jwFM",1782613733120]