[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":740},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:cycle-controller-sequencer":45,"glossary-related:cycle-controller-sequencer":188},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":53,"category":167,"description":168,"extension":169,"meta":170,"navigation":171,"path":172,"relatedTerms":173,"seo":178,"sources":181,"stem":185,"term":186,"__hash__":187},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fcycle-controller-sequencer.md","Cycle controller \u002F sequencer",[49,50,51,52],"sequencer","cycle controller","horn sequencer","timer controller",{"type":54,"value":55,"toc":160},"minimark",[56,83,88,128,132,135,139],[57,58,59,60,63,64,66,67,72,73,77,78,82],"p",{},"A ",[61,62,50],"strong",{}," (or ",[61,65,49],{},") programmes the firing pattern of one or more ",[68,69,71],"a",{"href":70},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horns"," — pulse duration, pulse interval, firing sequence across multiple horns, zone grouping, response to plant DCS signals. It can be either a dedicated standalone hardware unit or a subroutine inside the plant ",[68,74,76],{"href":75},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fplc","PLC"," or ",[68,79,81],{"href":80},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdcs","DCS",".",[84,85,87],"h2",{"id":86},"programmable-parameters","Programmable parameters",[89,90,91,98,104,110,116,122],"ul",{},[92,93,94,97],"li",{},[61,95,96],{},"Pulse duration"," — typically 5–15 s per burst",[92,99,100,103],{},[61,101,102],{},"Pulse interval"," — typically 3–15 minutes between pulses on the same horn",[92,105,106,109],{},[61,107,108],{},"Multi-horn sequencing"," — fire one horn at a time to manage compressed-air demand",[92,111,112,115],{},[61,113,114],{},"Zone grouping"," — separate cycles for hopper, plate area and penthouse zones",[92,117,118,121],{},[61,119,120],{},"Response to operator override"," — manual fire, manual silence, mode switching",[92,123,124,127],{},[61,125,126],{},"Alarm output"," — to flag a stuck valve, low air pressure or controller fault",[84,129,131],{"id":130},"standalone-vs-plc-integrated","Standalone vs PLC-integrated",[57,133,134],{},"A standalone cycle controller is simple, cheap and adequate for small installations. Larger multi-horn systems benefit from PLC integration with the plant DCS so horn sequencing can respond to operator commands and process conditions in real time.",[84,136,138],{"id":137},"related-terms","Related terms",[89,140,141,146,152,156],{},[92,142,143],{},[68,144,145],{"href":70},"Sonic horn",[92,147,148],{},[68,149,151],{"href":150},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","Solenoid valve",[92,153,154],{},[68,155,76],{"href":75},[92,157,158],{},[68,159,81],{"href":80},{"title":161,"searchDepth":162,"depth":162,"links":163},"",2,[164,165,166],{"id":86,"depth":162,"text":87},{"id":130,"depth":162,"text":131},{"id":137,"depth":162,"text":138},"controls-ancillaries","A cycle controller (or sequencer) programmes the firing pattern of one or more sonic horns — pulse duration, pulse interval, firing sequence across multiple horns, zone grouping, response to plant DCS signals. It can be either a dedicated standalone hardware unit or a subroutine inside the plant PLC or DCS.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcycle-controller-sequencer",[174,175,176,177],"sonic-horn","solenoid-valve","plc","dcs",{"title":179,"description":180},"Cycle controller and sequencer — programmes the firing pattern of sonic horns","A cycle controller programmes the firing pattern of one or more sonic horns — duration, interval, sequence, zone grouping. Either a dedicated standalone unit or a PLC subroutine.",[182],{"title":183,"url":184},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F","glossary\u002Fcycle-controller-sequencer","Cycle controller and sequencer","6klk_97RNkmhc8P60Uc3bKCp37nVL231hEUySdF-XWQ",[189,427,550,642],{"id":190,"title":145,"aliases":191,"body":194,"category":404,"description":405,"extension":169,"meta":406,"navigation":171,"path":70,"relatedTerms":407,"seo":414,"sources":417,"stem":425,"term":145,"__hash__":426},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[71,192,193],"sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":54,"value":195,"toc":397},[196,229,233,240,244,312,316,353,357,365,367],[57,197,59,198,201,202,206,207,211,212,211,216,211,220,224,225,82],{},[61,199,200],{},"sonic horn"," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[68,203,205],{"href":204},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[68,208,210],{"href":209},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",", ",[68,213,215],{"href":214},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","baghouses",[68,217,219],{"href":218},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[68,221,223],{"href":222},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","boiler heat-transfer surfaces"," and ",[68,226,228],{"href":227},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",[84,230,232],{"id":231},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[57,234,235,236,239],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[68,237,238],{"href":150},"solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[84,241,243],{"id":242},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[245,246,247,260],"table",{},[248,249,250],"thead",{},[251,252,253,257],"tr",{},[254,255,256],"th",{},"Parameter",[254,258,259],{},"Typical range",[261,262,263,272,280,288,296,304],"tbody",{},[251,264,265,269],{},[266,267,268],"td",{},"Fundamental frequency",[266,270,271],{},"60–400 Hz",[251,273,274,277],{},[266,275,276],{},"Sound pressure level",[266,278,279],{},"140–180 dB",[251,281,282,285],{},[266,283,284],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[266,286,287],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[251,289,290,293],{},[266,291,292],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[266,294,295],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[251,297,298,301],{},[266,299,300],{},"Firing cycle",[266,302,303],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[251,305,306,309],{},[266,307,308],{},"Mass",[266,310,311],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[84,313,315],{"id":314},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[57,317,318,319,211,323,327,328,211,332,336,337,211,340,344,345,224,349,82],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[68,320,322],{"href":321},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[68,324,326],{"href":325},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[68,329,331],{"href":330},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[68,333,335],{"href":334},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[68,338,339],{"href":214},"fabric-filter compartments",[68,341,343],{"href":342},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[68,346,348],{"href":347},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[68,350,352],{"href":351},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[84,354,356],{"id":355},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[57,358,359,360,364],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[68,361,363],{"href":362},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[84,366,138],{"id":137},[89,368,369,374,380,386,392],{},[92,370,371],{},[68,372,373],{"href":204},"Acoustic cleaner",[92,375,376],{},[68,377,379],{"href":378},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",[92,381,382],{},[68,383,385],{"href":384},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[92,387,388],{},[68,389,391],{"href":390},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","Diaphragm horn",[92,393,394],{},[68,395,396],{"href":347},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":161,"searchDepth":162,"depth":162,"links":398},[399,400,401,402,403],{"id":231,"depth":162,"text":232},{"id":242,"depth":162,"text":243},{"id":314,"depth":162,"text":315},{"id":355,"depth":162,"text":356},{"id":137,"depth":162,"text":138},"core-technology","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[408,409,410,411,412,413],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","sonic-sootblower","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":415,"description":416},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[418,419,422],{"title":183,"url":184},{"title":420,"url":421},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":423,"url":424},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",{"id":428,"title":151,"aliases":429,"body":433,"category":167,"description":534,"extension":169,"meta":535,"navigation":171,"path":150,"relatedTerms":536,"seo":540,"sources":543,"stem":547,"term":548,"__hash__":549},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve.md",[430,431,432],"pilot valve","sonic horn solenoid","quick-exhaust valve",{"type":54,"value":434,"toc":529},[435,450,454,457,498,502,505,507],[57,436,59,437,439,440,442,443,445,446,449],{},[61,438,238],{}," is the electrically-actuated pilot device that admits compressed air to a ",[68,441,200],{"href":70}," on command from the ",[68,444,50],{"href":172},". The valve opens for the programmed pulse duration (typically 5–15 seconds), letting plant air at 4–7 bar drive the horn's ",[68,447,448],{"href":390},"diaphragm"," into resonant oscillation. When the valve closes, the air supply is cut and the horn falls silent until the next pulse.",[84,451,453],{"id":452},"specification","Specification",[57,455,456],{},"For most industrial sonic-horn installations, the solenoid valve is:",[89,458,459,474,480,486,492],{},[92,460,461,473],{},[61,462,463,467,468,472],{},[68,464,466],{"href":465},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fatex-directive","ATEX"," \u002F ",[68,469,471],{"href":470},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fiecex","IECEx"," certified"," for the local hazardous-area classification",[92,475,476,479],{},[61,477,478],{},"Sized"," for the horn's peak airflow (8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin typical)",[92,481,482,485],{},[61,483,484],{},"Quick-exhaust"," type, to allow rapid pressure drop at the end of each pulse",[92,487,488,491],{},[61,489,490],{},"Voltage-rated"," for the site's instrument-control voltage (typically 24 VDC or 110\u002F230 VAC)",[92,493,494,497],{},[61,495,496],{},"IP65 or IP66"," weatherproof if mounted externally",[84,499,501],{"id":500},"wear-and-replacement","Wear and replacement",[57,503,504],{},"The solenoid valve is the most-replaced wear part on the periphery of an industrial sonic horn — typical service life of 1–3 years before coil or seat replacement. Routine inclusion in the spares package is standard practice.",[84,506,138],{"id":137},[89,508,509,513,519,523],{},[92,510,511],{},[68,512,145],{"href":70},[92,514,515],{},[68,516,518],{"href":517},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpneumatic-acoustic-cleaner","Pneumatic acoustic cleaner",[92,520,521],{},[68,522,47],{"href":172},[92,524,525],{},[68,526,528],{"href":527},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcompressed-air","Compressed air",{"title":161,"searchDepth":162,"depth":162,"links":530},[531,532,533],{"id":452,"depth":162,"text":453},{"id":500,"depth":162,"text":501},{"id":137,"depth":162,"text":138},"A solenoid valve is the electrically-actuated pilot device that admits compressed air to a sonic horn on command from the cycle controller. The valve opens for the programmed pulse duration (typically 5–15 seconds), letting plant air at 4–7 bar drive the horn's diaphragm into resonant oscillation. When the valve closes, the air supply is cut and the horn falls silent until the next pulse.",{},[174,537,538,539],"pneumatic-acoustic-cleaner","cycle-controller-sequencer","compressed-air",{"title":541,"description":542},"Solenoid valve — pilot device admitting compressed air to a sonic horn","A solenoid valve admits compressed air to a sonic horn on command from the cycle controller. ATEX-certified for hazardous-area duty; the most-replaced wear part on the horn periphery.",[544],{"title":545,"url":546},"Wikipedia — Solenoid valve","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSolenoid_valve","glossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","Solenoid valve (sonic horn)","tnbJRZKTMd3ej1zC_EZhmQPur6F3Nr0xjBkvvPhElDk",{"id":551,"title":552,"aliases":553,"body":555,"category":167,"description":628,"extension":169,"meta":629,"navigation":171,"path":75,"relatedTerms":630,"seo":632,"sources":635,"stem":639,"term":640,"__hash__":641},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fplc.md","PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)",[76,554],"programmable logic controller",{"type":54,"value":556,"toc":623},[557,565,569,598,602,605,607],[57,558,59,559,561,562,564],{},[61,560,552],{}," is a ruggedised industrial computer running programmed control logic, designed for long-life unattended operation in harsh industrial environments. PLCs are the standard control device for most discrete and sequential process-equipment functions, including ",[68,563,174],{"href":70}," cycle sequencing.",[84,566,568],{"id":567},"sonic-horn-plc-integration-patterns","Sonic-horn \u002F PLC integration patterns",[89,570,571,581,587],{},[92,572,573,576,577,580],{},[61,574,575],{},"Dedicated horn PLC"," — a small PLC running only the ",[68,578,579],{"href":172},"cycle-controller logic","; simple, easy to commission, isolated from plant-DCS changes",[92,582,583,586],{},[61,584,585],{},"Plant-PLC integration"," — sonic-horn sequencing as a subroutine inside an existing plant PLC; allows tighter operator interaction and DCS visibility",[92,588,589,592,593,597],{},[61,590,591],{},"Hybrid"," — dedicated PLC for the cleaning system with a fieldbus link (",[68,594,596],{"href":595},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fmodbus-profibus-profinet","Modbus"," or similar) to the plant control system",[84,599,601],{"id":600},"procurement-implications","Procurement implications",[57,603,604],{},"Specifying the PLC integration approach early in the project saves substantial commissioning time. Plants that defer the decision until installation often discover that retrofit integration requires more DCS configuration time than the entire horn-installation work.",[84,606,138],{"id":137},[89,608,609,614,618],{},[92,610,611],{},[68,612,613],{"href":80},"DCS (Distributed Control System)",[92,615,616],{},[68,617,47],{"href":172},[92,619,620],{},[68,621,622],{"href":595},"Modbus \u002F Profibus \u002F Profinet",{"title":161,"searchDepth":162,"depth":162,"links":624},[625,626,627],{"id":567,"depth":162,"text":568},{"id":600,"depth":162,"text":601},{"id":137,"depth":162,"text":138},"A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a ruggedised industrial computer running programmed control logic, designed for long-life unattended operation in harsh industrial environments. PLCs are the standard control device for most discrete and sequential process-equipment functions, including sonic-horn cycle sequencing.",{},[177,538,631],"modbus-profibus-profinet",{"title":633,"description":634},"PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) — industrial-control device for sonic-horn sequencing","A PLC is a ruggedised industrial computer running programmed control logic. Sonic-horn sequencing can be a dedicated PLC or a subroutine inside the plant's existing PLC.",[636],{"title":637,"url":638},"Wikipedia — Programmable logic controller","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProgrammable_logic_controller","glossary\u002Fplc","Programmable Logic Controller","g6HC22hHTEYKtbEH9yrjvDhGMOgBKH0Mt882NWElBCY",{"id":643,"title":613,"aliases":644,"body":647,"category":167,"description":727,"extension":169,"meta":728,"navigation":171,"path":80,"relatedTerms":729,"seo":730,"sources":733,"stem":737,"term":738,"__hash__":739},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fdcs.md",[81,645,646],"distributed control system","plant control system",{"type":54,"value":648,"toc":723},[649,654,658,664,700,707,709],[57,650,59,651,653],{},[61,652,613],{}," is the plant-wide process-automation system that combines operator workstations, controllers, network infrastructure and field-device interfaces into a single integrated platform. Major DCS suppliers include Emerson DeltaV, Honeywell Experion, Yokogawa Centum VP, ABB 800xA, Siemens PCS 7 and Schneider Foxboro Evo.",[84,655,657],{"id":656},"sonic-horn-dcs-integration","Sonic-horn \u002F DCS integration",[57,659,660,661,663],{},"Modern ",[68,662,174],{"href":70}," installations typically integrate to the existing plant DCS to provide:",[89,665,666,672,678,684],{},[92,667,668,671],{},[61,669,670],{},"Operator visibility"," — horn-running status, last-fire time, air supply pressure on the operator HMI",[92,673,674,677],{},[61,675,676],{},"Operator control"," — manual start, manual silence, mode change",[92,679,680,683],{},[61,681,682],{},"Alarm reporting"," — stuck valve, low pressure, controller fault",[92,685,686,689,690,694,695,699],{},[61,687,688],{},"Process-condition response"," — fire-rate increase if ",[68,691,693],{"href":692},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdifferential-pressure-baghouse","ΔP"," rises, or ",[68,696,698],{"href":697},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fopacity","opacity"," excursion",[57,701,702,703,706],{},"Integration is via ",[68,704,705],{"href":595},"fieldbus"," (Modbus, Profibus, Profinet) or hardwired discrete I\u002FO.",[84,708,138],{"id":137},[89,710,711,715,719],{},[92,712,713],{},[68,714,76],{"href":75},[92,716,717],{},[68,718,47],{"href":172},[92,720,721],{},[68,722,622],{"href":595},{"title":161,"searchDepth":162,"depth":162,"links":724},[725,726],{"id":656,"depth":162,"text":657},{"id":137,"depth":162,"text":138},"A DCS (Distributed Control System) is the plant-wide process-automation system that combines operator workstations, controllers, network infrastructure and field-device interfaces into a single integrated platform. Major DCS suppliers include Emerson DeltaV, Honeywell Experion, Yokogawa Centum VP, ABB 800xA, Siemens PCS 7 and Schneider Foxboro Evo.",{},[176,538,631],{"title":731,"description":732},"DCS (Distributed Control System) — plant-wide process-automation system","A DCS is the plant-wide process-automation system with operator workstations, controllers and field-device networks. Sonic horns typically integrate via fieldbus to the existing DCS.",[734],{"title":735,"url":736},"Wikipedia — Distributed control system","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDistributed_control_system","glossary\u002Fdcs","Distributed Control System","pkJLY08nuaK9_x1WkvDIVYZpd8EOyg8O_cgm2FRG_Pg",1782613729242]