[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":894},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:collection-efficiency":45,"glossary-related:collection-efficiency":278},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":52,"category":259,"description":260,"extension":261,"meta":262,"navigation":263,"path":264,"relatedTerms":265,"seo":269,"sources":272,"stem":276,"term":47,"__hash__":277},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fcollection-efficiency.md","Collection efficiency",[49,50,51],"collection efficiency","capture efficiency","ESP collection efficiency",{"type":53,"value":54,"toc":252},"minimark",[55,77,82,167,171,174,219,226,230],[56,57,58,61,62,67,68,67,72,76],"p",{},[59,60,47],"strong",{}," is the fraction of inlet particulate captured by an ",[63,64,66],"a",{"href":65},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESP",", ",[63,69,71],{"href":70},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse","baghouse",[63,73,75],{"href":74},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcyclone-separator","cyclone"," or other particulate-control device. It is calculated as (inlet mass loading − outlet mass loading) \u002F inlet mass loading and reported as a percentage.",[78,79,81],"h2",{"id":80},"typical-values","Typical values",[83,84,85,98],"table",{},[86,87,88],"thead",{},[89,90,91,95],"tr",{},[92,93,94],"th",{},"Device",[92,96,97],{},"Typical collection efficiency",[99,100,101,113,124,135,146,156],"tbody",{},[89,102,103,110],{},[104,105,106,107],"td",{},"Single ",[63,108,109],{"href":74},"cyclone separator",[104,111,112],{},"70–90%",[89,114,115,121],{},[104,116,117],{},[63,118,120],{"href":119},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fmulti-cyclone-multiclone","Multi-cyclone",[104,122,123],{},"85–95%",[89,125,126,132],{},[104,127,128],{},[63,129,131],{"href":130},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fventuri-scrubber","Venturi scrubber",[104,133,134],{},"95–99%",[89,136,137,143],{},[104,138,139,142],{},[63,140,141],{"href":65},"Electrostatic precipitator"," (modern)",[104,144,145],{},"99.5–99.95%",[89,147,148,153],{},[104,149,150],{},[63,151,152],{"href":70},"Baghouse",[104,154,155],{},"99.9–99.99%",[89,157,158,164],{},[104,159,160],{},[63,161,163],{"href":162},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwet-esp","Wet ESP (WESP)",[104,165,166],{},"99.9% (especially fine PM)",[78,168,170],{"id":169},"how-fouling-erodes-collection-efficiency","How fouling erodes collection efficiency",[56,172,173],{},"Each device fouls in characteristic ways that degrade its collection efficiency:",[175,176,177,195,208],"ul",{},[178,179,180,182,183,67,187,67,191],"li",{},[59,181,66],{}," — ",[63,184,186],{"href":185},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fback-corona","back-corona",[63,188,190],{"href":189},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-hopper","hopper bridging",[63,192,194],{"href":193},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fre-entrainment","re-entrainment",[178,196,197,182,199,67,203,207],{},[59,198,152],{},[63,200,202],{"href":201},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbag-blinding","bag blinding",[63,204,206],{"href":205},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcake-bridging-cake-blinding","cake bridging",", bag failures",[178,209,210,213,214,218],{},[59,211,212],{},"Cyclone"," — wall build-up, ",[63,215,217],{"href":216},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcyclone-dipleg","dipleg"," pluggage",[56,220,221,225],{},[63,222,224],{"href":223},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","Sonic horns"," address the first three mechanisms in their respective applications.",[78,227,229],{"id":228},"related-terms","Related terms",[175,231,232,236,240,246],{},[178,233,234],{},[63,235,141],{"href":65},[178,237,238],{},[63,239,152],{"href":70},[178,241,242],{},[63,243,245],{"href":244},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fremoval-efficiency","Removal efficiency",[178,247,248],{},[63,249,251],{"href":250},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fspecific-collection-area","Specific collection area (SCA)",{"title":253,"searchDepth":254,"depth":254,"links":255},"",2,[256,257,258],{"id":80,"depth":254,"text":81},{"id":169,"depth":254,"text":170},{"id":228,"depth":254,"text":229},"kpis-measurements","Collection efficiency is the fraction of inlet particulate captured by an ESP, baghouse, cyclone or other particulate-control device. It is calculated as (inlet mass loading − outlet mass loading) \u002F inlet mass loading and reported as a percentage.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcollection-efficiency",[266,71,267,268],"electrostatic-precipitator","removal-efficiency","specific-collection-area",{"title":270,"description":271},"Collection efficiency — fraction of inlet particulate captured by the cleaning device","Collection efficiency is the fraction of inlet particulate captured by an ESP, baghouse or cyclone. Reported as a percentage; modern ESPs achieve 99.5%+, baghouses 99.9%+.",[273],{"title":274,"url":275},"EPA — Monitoring Knowledge Base: Electrostatic Precipitators","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.epa.gov\u002Fair-emissions-monitoring-knowledge-base\u002Fmonitoring-control-technique-electrostatic-precipitators","glossary\u002Fcollection-efficiency","_cGtM6lyYxWcd21mZNA6in_t4XcwLZgPZBCgilBKMek",[279,457,582,765],{"id":280,"title":281,"aliases":282,"body":285,"category":433,"description":434,"extension":261,"meta":435,"navigation":263,"path":65,"relatedTerms":436,"seo":444,"sources":447,"stem":455,"term":141,"__hash__":456},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator.md","Electrostatic precipitator (ESP)",[66,283,284],"electrostatic precipitators","dry ESP",{"type":53,"value":286,"toc":427},[287,303,307,325,329,363,367,399,401],[56,288,289,290,293,294,298,299,302],{},"An ",[59,291,292],{},"electrostatic precipitator (ESP)"," is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate matter from a flue-gas stream by electrostatically charging dust particles and collecting them on grounded plate electrodes. ESPs are the dominant particulate-control technology on coal-fired boilers, cement kilns, ",[63,295,297],{"href":296},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","waste-to-energy"," plants, ",[63,300,301],{"href":296},"biomass"," plants, sinter strands and many other heavy-industry off-gas streams.",[78,304,306],{"id":305},"how-an-esp-works","How an ESP works",[56,308,309,310,314,315,319,320,324],{},"Flue gas flows horizontally between a parallel array of vertical ",[63,311,313],{"href":312},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcollecting-electrode","collecting electrodes"," (plates) and ",[63,316,318],{"href":317},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdischarge-electrode","discharge electrodes"," (high-voltage wires or rigid spikes). A negative DC potential of 40–80 kV applied to the discharge electrodes generates a ",[63,321,323],{"href":322},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcorona-discharge","corona discharge"," that ionises the gas. Charged dust particles drift to the collecting plates, accumulate as a dust layer, are rapped down into hoppers below and removed by ash-handling equipment.",[78,326,328],{"id":327},"where-sonic-horns-fit","Where sonic horns fit",[56,330,331,332,336,337,339,340,344,345,349,350,352,353,357,358,362],{},"ESPs accumulate dust faster than mechanical rapping can release it, and hoppers below ESP fields routinely ",[63,333,335],{"href":334},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbridging","bridge"," and choke. ",[63,338,224],{"href":223}," installed on the ESP ",[63,341,343],{"href":342},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-penthouse","penthouse"," and on hopper walls keep dust dislodged, supplement ",[63,346,348],{"href":347},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-rapper","rappers",", prevent ",[63,351,186],{"href":185}," by limiting plate dust thickness, and eliminate hopper ",[63,354,356],{"href":355},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frat-holing","rat-holing"," without the structural fatigue of ",[63,359,361],{"href":360},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftumbling-hammer-rapper","tumbling-hammer rappers",".",[78,364,366],{"id":365},"common-failure-modes","Common failure modes",[175,368,369,375,381,387,393],{},[178,370,371,374],{},[59,372,373],{},"High opacity \u002F particulate emissions"," from thick dust layers reducing collection efficiency",[178,376,377,380],{},[59,378,379],{},"Back-corona"," in high-resistivity ash that reverses ionisation and collapses collection",[178,382,383,386],{},[59,384,385],{},"Re-entrainment"," as rapper puffs return dust to the gas stream",[178,388,389,392],{},[59,390,391],{},"Hopper bridging"," that stops ash extraction and triggers field shutdowns",[178,394,395,398],{},[59,396,397],{},"Discharge-electrode breakage"," from rapper fatigue or sparking",[78,400,229],{"id":228},[175,402,403,408,413,417,422],{},[178,404,405],{},[63,406,407],{"href":312},"Collecting electrode",[178,409,410],{},[63,411,412],{"href":317},"Discharge electrode",[178,414,415],{},[63,416,379],{"href":185},[178,418,419],{},[63,420,421],{"href":189},"ESP hopper",[178,423,424],{},[63,425,426],{"href":223},"Sonic horn",{"title":253,"searchDepth":254,"depth":254,"links":428},[429,430,431,432],{"id":305,"depth":254,"text":306},{"id":327,"depth":254,"text":328},{"id":365,"depth":254,"text":366},{"id":228,"depth":254,"text":229},"esp","An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is an air-pollution-control device that removes particulate matter from a flue-gas stream by electrostatically charging dust particles and collecting them on grounded plate electrodes. ESPs are the dominant particulate-control technology on coal-fired boilers, cement kilns, waste-to-energy plants, biomass plants, sinter strands and many other heavy-industry off-gas streams.",{},[437,438,439,440,441,442,186,443],"wet-esp","collecting-electrode","discharge-electrode","corona-discharge","esp-hopper","esp-rapper","sonic-horn",{"title":445,"description":446},"Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) — how it works and how it fouls","An ESP removes particulate from flue gas by charging dust and collecting it on plate electrodes. Sonic horns are widely used to dislodge ash from plates and to keep hoppers from bridging.",[448,451,452],{"title":449,"url":450},"Wikipedia — Electrostatic precipitator","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElectrostatic_precipitator",{"title":274,"url":275},{"title":453,"url":454},"Babcock & Wilcox — Basics of ESP Operation","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fbasic-esp-operation","glossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","hT_C4hmid3iZaYWhLpiSJ2tBfL0bSJ-uhzn7TY4Vtj4",{"id":458,"title":152,"aliases":459,"body":463,"category":71,"description":566,"extension":261,"meta":567,"navigation":263,"path":70,"relatedTerms":568,"seo":573,"sources":576,"stem":580,"term":152,"__hash__":581},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse.md",[460,461,462],"baghouses","bag filter house","dust collector house",{"type":53,"value":464,"toc":561},[465,485,489,501,505,508,525,527],[56,466,467,468,470,471,67,475,479,480,484],{},"A ",[59,469,71],{}," is the structural enclosure that houses the bags, cages, cleaning system, ",[63,472,474],{"href":473},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftubesheet","tubesheet",[63,476,478],{"href":477},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fplenum-clean-side-dirty-side","plenums"," and hoppers of a ",[63,481,483],{"href":482},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","fabric-filter"," dust collector. The word is used in both broad (\"the plant has a 12-compartment baghouse\") and narrow (\"a baghouse is the housing, the fabric filter is the system\") senses; in everyday industry practice the two terms overlap.",[78,486,488],{"id":487},"compartmented-design","Compartmented design",[56,490,491,492,496,497,500],{},"Large industrial baghouses are subdivided into several compartments — each with its own gas-flow damper — so that one compartment can be isolated for offline cleaning or bag replacement while the rest stay online. The standard ",[63,493,495],{"href":494},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpulse-jet-baghouse","pulse-jet"," compartment count for utility duty is 8–16; cement and ",[63,498,499],{"href":296},"WtE"," baghouses may run 20+.",[78,502,504],{"id":503},"why-sonic-horns-help","Why sonic horns help",[56,506,507],{},"Sonic horns mounted at compartment level address fouling that the primary cleaning system (pulse-jet, reverse-air or shaker) cannot reach:",[175,509,510,513,519,522],{},[178,511,512],{},"Bag-row dead zones at the back of the compartment",[178,514,515,518],{},[63,516,517],{"href":473},"Tubesheet"," area dust deposits",[178,520,521],{},"Hopper bridging below the bags",[178,523,524],{},"Inlet-plenum dust dropout",[78,526,229],{"id":228},[175,528,529,534,539,545,551,557],{},[178,530,531],{},[63,532,533],{"href":482},"Fabric filter",[178,535,536],{},[63,537,538],{"href":494},"Pulse-jet baghouse",[178,540,541],{},[63,542,544],{"href":543},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freverse-air-baghouse","Reverse-air baghouse",[178,546,547],{},[63,548,550],{"href":549},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fshaker-baghouse","Shaker baghouse",[178,552,553],{},[63,554,556],{"href":555},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcompartment-isolation","Compartment isolation",[178,558,559],{},[63,560,426],{"href":223},{"title":253,"searchDepth":254,"depth":254,"links":562},[563,564,565],{"id":487,"depth":254,"text":488},{"id":503,"depth":254,"text":504},{"id":228,"depth":254,"text":229},"A baghouse is the structural enclosure that houses the bags, cages, cleaning system, tubesheet, plenums and hoppers of a fabric-filter dust collector. The word is used in both broad (\"the plant has a 12-compartment baghouse\") and narrow (\"a baghouse is the housing, the fabric filter is the system\") senses; in everyday industry practice the two terms overlap.",{},[483,569,570,571,572,443],"pulse-jet-baghouse","reverse-air-baghouse","shaker-baghouse","compartment-isolation",{"title":574,"description":575},"Baghouse — vessel that houses fabric-filter bags for industrial dust control","A baghouse is the structural enclosure that holds the bags, cages, tubesheet, cleaning system and hoppers of a fabric-filter dust collector. Sized in compartments for online isolation.",[577],{"title":578,"url":579},"Wikipedia — Baghouse","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaghouse","glossary\u002Fbaghouse","TraeRQp5lNGOrkFkwjsoYRrhIIRrMkFonwryXyc1wGw",{"id":583,"title":245,"aliases":584,"body":587,"category":259,"description":750,"extension":261,"meta":751,"navigation":263,"path":244,"relatedTerms":752,"seo":756,"sources":759,"stem":763,"term":245,"__hash__":764},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fremoval-efficiency.md",[585,586],"DRE","destruction and removal efficiency",{"type":53,"value":588,"toc":746},[589,597,684,688,722,727,729],[56,590,591,593,594,596],{},[59,592,245],{}," is the fraction of a target pollutant removed by an emissions-control device, parallel to ",[63,595,49],{"href":264}," for particulate. Removal efficiency is the standard KPI for gaseous-pollutant control:",[83,598,599,611],{},[86,600,601],{},[89,602,603,605,608],{},[92,604,94],{},[92,606,607],{},"Target",[92,609,610],{},"Typical removal efficiency",[99,612,613,627,640,651,660,670],{},[89,614,615,621,624],{},[104,616,617],{},[63,618,620],{"href":619},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR",[104,622,623],{},"NOx",[104,625,626],{},"80–95%",[89,628,629,635,637],{},[104,630,631],{},[63,632,634],{"href":633},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-non-catalytic-reduction","SNCR",[104,636,623],{},[104,638,639],{},"30–60%",[89,641,642,645,648],{},[104,643,644],{},"Wet FGD",[104,646,647],{},"SO₂",[104,649,650],{},"95–98%",[89,652,653,656,658],{},[104,654,655],{},"Dry FGD (CFB scrubber)",[104,657,647],{},[104,659,123],{},[89,661,662,665,668],{},[104,663,664],{},"Activated carbon injection",[104,666,667],{},"Mercury",[104,669,626],{},[89,671,672,678,681],{},[104,673,674],{},[63,675,677],{"href":676},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fclaus-unit-sulphur-recovery-unit","Claus unit \u002F SRU",[104,679,680],{},"H₂S → S",[104,682,683],{},"95–99.9% (multi-stage)",[78,685,687],{"id":686},"how-fouling-degrades-removal-efficiency","How fouling degrades removal efficiency",[175,689,690,705,711],{},[178,691,692,182,695,699,700,704],{},[59,693,694],{},"SCR catalyst",[63,696,698],{"href":697},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcatalyst-masking","masking"," and ",[63,701,703],{"href":702},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcatalyst-pluggage","pluggage"," reduce active surface area",[178,706,707,710],{},[59,708,709],{},"Wet scrubbers"," — internal scaling and spray-distribution problems reduce gas-liquid contact",[178,712,713,716,717,721],{},[59,714,715],{},"AIG"," — fouled ",[63,718,720],{"href":719},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fammonia-injection-grid","ammonia injection grids"," cause maldistribution",[56,723,724,726],{},[63,725,224],{"href":223}," on SCR catalyst layers directly defend NOx-reduction efficiency.",[78,728,229],{"id":228},[175,730,731,735,740],{},[178,732,733],{},[63,734,47],{"href":264},[178,736,737],{},[63,738,739],{"href":619},"Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)",[178,741,742],{},[63,743,745],{"href":744},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fnox-reduction-efficiency","NOx reduction efficiency",{"title":253,"searchDepth":254,"depth":254,"links":747},[748,749],{"id":686,"depth":254,"text":687},{"id":228,"depth":254,"text":229},"Removal efficiency is the fraction of a target pollutant removed by an emissions-control device, parallel to collection efficiency for particulate. Removal efficiency is the standard KPI for gaseous-pollutant control:",{},[753,754,755],"collection-efficiency","selective-catalytic-reduction","nox-reduction-efficiency",{"title":757,"description":758},"Removal efficiency — fraction of pollutant removed by an emissions-control device","Removal efficiency is the fraction of a target pollutant removed by an emissions-control device. Used for gaseous pollutants (SCR NOx removal, FGD SO2 removal) parallel to PM collection efficiency.",[760],{"title":761,"url":762},"Wikipedia — Air pollution control","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAir_pollution_control","glossary\u002Fremoval-efficiency","l1m1QM5KjZ-lojct_xVXjdwWsz61m7ult6BzCOaAuTE",{"id":766,"title":251,"aliases":767,"body":770,"category":433,"description":883,"extension":261,"meta":884,"navigation":263,"path":250,"relatedTerms":885,"seo":886,"sources":889,"stem":891,"term":892,"__hash__":893},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fspecific-collection-area.md",[768,769],"SCA","collecting area per gas flow",{"type":53,"value":771,"toc":878},[772,785,789,843,846,850,862,864],[56,773,774,776,777,779,780,782,783,362],{},[59,775,251],{}," is the ratio of total ",[63,778,438],{"href":312}," area to volumetric gas flow rate through an ",[63,781,66],{"href":65},". It is normally expressed in m²\u002F(m³\u002Fs) or in ft²\u002F1000 acfm in US practice. SCA is the single most informative sizing parameter for predicting ",[63,784,49],{"href":264},[78,786,788],{"id":787},"typical-sca-ranges","Typical SCA ranges",[83,790,791,801],{},[86,792,793],{},[89,794,795,798],{},[92,796,797],{},"Application",[92,799,800],{},"Typical SCA (m²\u002F(m³\u002Fs))",[99,802,803,811,819,827,835],{},[89,804,805,808],{},[104,806,807],{},"Coal-fired utility boiler, high-sulphur fuel",[104,809,810],{},"40–60",[89,812,813,816],{},[104,814,815],{},"Coal-fired utility boiler, low-sulphur fuel",[104,817,818],{},"80–140",[89,820,821,824],{},[104,822,823],{},"Cement kiln ESP",[104,825,826],{},"60–120",[89,828,829,832],{},[104,830,831],{},"WtE \u002F biomass",[104,833,834],{},"50–100",[89,836,837,840],{},[104,838,839],{},"Iron-ore sinter plant",[104,841,842],{},"80–150",[56,844,845],{},"Higher SCA buys more efficiency for the same gas flow, but at higher capital cost.",[78,847,849],{"id":848},"effective-sca-and-fouling","Effective SCA and fouling",[56,851,852,853,857,858,861],{},"The nameplate SCA assumes clean, fully active plates. As dust builds up, the ",[854,855,856],"em",{},"effective"," SCA falls because the electrical and aerodynamic performance of fouled plates is lower than that of clean plates. Keeping plates clean with ",[63,859,860],{"href":223},"sonic horns"," maintains the effective SCA closer to the design value, which is one of the underlying reasons acoustic cleaning extends collection efficiency over the operating cycle.",[78,863,229],{"id":228},[175,865,866,870,874],{},[178,867,868],{},[63,869,141],{"href":65},[178,871,872],{},[63,873,407],{"href":312},[178,875,876],{},[63,877,47],{"href":264},{"title":253,"searchDepth":254,"depth":254,"links":879},[880,881,882],{"id":787,"depth":254,"text":788},{"id":848,"depth":254,"text":849},{"id":228,"depth":254,"text":229},"Specific collection area (SCA) is the ratio of total collecting-electrode area to volumetric gas flow rate through an ESP. It is normally expressed in m²\u002F(m³\u002Fs) or in ft²\u002F1000 acfm in US practice. SCA is the single most informative sizing parameter for predicting collection efficiency.",{},[266,438,753],{"title":887,"description":888},"Specific collection area (SCA) — the core ESP sizing parameter","SCA is the ratio of total collecting plate area to volumetric gas flow rate. It is the single most important sizing parameter for predicting ESP collection efficiency.",[890],{"title":274,"url":275},"glossary\u002Fspecific-collection-area","Specific collection area","mGKFyLnHG2WXoMPFak4OmDlbc45JJo1UPC-EpPJIyHM",1782613744053]