[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":423},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:aisi-304":45,"glossary-related:aisi-304":138},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":52,"category":119,"description":120,"extension":121,"meta":122,"navigation":123,"path":124,"relatedTerms":125,"seo":128,"sources":131,"stem":135,"term":136,"__hash__":137},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-304.md","AISI 304",[49,50,51],"304 stainless","SS 304","18-8 stainless",{"type":53,"value":54,"toc":113},"minimark",[55,66,71,93,96,100],[56,57,58,61,62,65],"p",{},[59,60,47],"strong",{}," (sometimes called ",[63,64,51],"em",{}," for its ~18% Cr, ~8% Ni composition) is the most widely-used austenitic stainless steel. In sonic-horn manufacture, 304 is the economy option for external mountings, brackets, accessories and parts that do not see directly corrosive flue-gas chemistry.",[67,68,70],"h2",{"id":69},"why-not-304-everywhere","Why not 304 everywhere",[72,73,74,87],"ul",{},[75,76,77,80,81,86],"li",{},[59,78,79],{},"Chloride pitting"," — 304 is vulnerable to localised pitting in chloride-bearing environments (most cement, WtE, biomass and coastal applications). ",[82,83,85],"a",{"href":84},"\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-316-316l-stainless","AISI 316 \u002F 316L"," is preferred.",[75,88,89,92],{},[59,90,91],{},"Continuous high temperature"," — 304 begins to scale and lose creep strength above ~500 °C.",[56,94,95],{},"For external accessories — mounting brackets, support frames, weatherproof enclosure panels — 304 is cost-effective without compromising horn performance.",[67,97,99],{"id":98},"related-terms","Related terms",[72,101,102,107],{},[75,103,104],{},[82,105,106],{"href":84},"AISI 316 \u002F 316L stainless",[75,108,109],{},[82,110,112],{"href":111},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",{"title":114,"searchDepth":115,"depth":115,"links":116},"",2,[117,118],{"id":69,"depth":115,"text":70},{"id":98,"depth":115,"text":99},"materials-construction","AISI 304 (sometimes called 18-8 stainless for its ~18% Cr, ~8% Ni composition) is the most widely-used austenitic stainless steel. In sonic-horn manufacture, 304 is the economy option for external mountings, brackets, accessories and parts that do not see directly corrosive flue-gas chemistry.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-304",[126,127],"aisi-316-316l-stainless","bell-horn",{"title":129,"description":130},"AISI 304 stainless steel — economy stainless option for non-corrosive sonic-horn service","AISI 304 (18-8) stainless is the economy stainless option for non-chloride service. Used for sonic-horn external mountings and accessories where 316 would be overspecified.",[132],{"title":133,"url":134},"Wikipedia — SAE 304 stainless steel","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSAE_304_stainless_steel","glossary\u002Faisi-304","AISI 304 stainless steel","mlwsYVbxZf2dCwvZh5lnZvxAF_yZbMfTotEA1QAWKkE",[139,278],{"id":140,"title":106,"aliases":141,"body":146,"category":119,"description":262,"extension":121,"meta":263,"navigation":123,"path":84,"relatedTerms":264,"seo":268,"sources":271,"stem":275,"term":276,"__hash__":277},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Faisi-316-316l-stainless.md",[142,143,144,145],"316 stainless","316L stainless","SS 316","SS 316L",{"type":53,"value":147,"toc":257},[148,168,172,200,204,227,235,237],[56,149,150,153,154,157,158,162,163,167],{},[59,151,152],{},"AISI 316"," (and the low-carbon variant ",[59,155,156],{},"316L",") is the molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel that serves as the workhorse construction material for industrial ",[82,159,161],{"href":160},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horn"," bells, ",[82,164,166],{"href":165},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","diaphragms"," and mounting flanges in moderate-temperature service.",[67,169,171],{"id":170},"key-properties","Key properties",[72,173,174,183,189,194],{},[75,175,176,179,180,182],{},[59,177,178],{},"Molybdenum"," (~2–3%) provides improved corrosion resistance over ",[82,181,47],{"href":124},", particularly against chloride pitting",[75,184,185,188],{},[59,186,187],{},"Continuous service temperature"," typically up to 870 °C (intermittent), 450–550 °C (continuous mechanical)",[75,190,191,193],{},[59,192,156],{}," has reduced carbon content (≤0.03%) — preferred where welding is involved to avoid carbide precipitation",[75,195,196,199],{},[59,197,198],{},"Cost premium"," of 30–60% over 304, modest in absolute terms for sonic-horn manufacture",[67,201,203],{"id":202},"where-316-is-the-right-choice","Where 316 is the right choice",[72,205,206,218,221,224],{},[75,207,208,209,213,214,217],{},"Cement, ",[82,210,212],{"href":211},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","WtE",", ",[82,215,216],{"href":211},"biomass"," duty — chloride-bearing environments where 304 would pit",[75,219,220],{},"Food-and-beverage process applications",[75,222,223],{},"Cold-end boiler service where mild sulphuric-acid condensation occurs",[75,225,226],{},"General hazardous-area dust-handling applications",[56,228,229,230,234],{},"For higher temperatures or aggressive chloride corrosion, ",[82,231,233],{"href":232},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finconel-625-718","Inconel 625 or 718"," is the next step up.",[67,236,99],{"id":98},[72,238,239,243,248,252],{},[75,240,241],{},[82,242,47],{"href":124},[75,244,245],{},[82,246,247],{"href":232},"Inconel 625 \u002F 718",[75,249,250],{},[82,251,112],{"href":111},[75,253,254],{},[82,255,256],{"href":165},"Diaphragm horn",{"title":114,"searchDepth":115,"depth":115,"links":258},[259,260,261],{"id":170,"depth":115,"text":171},{"id":202,"depth":115,"text":203},{"id":98,"depth":115,"text":99},"AISI 316 (and the low-carbon variant 316L) is the molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel that serves as the workhorse construction material for industrial sonic horn bells, diaphragms and mounting flanges in moderate-temperature service.",{},[265,266,127,267],"aisi-304","inconel-625-718","diaphragm-horn",{"title":269,"description":270},"AISI 316 \u002F 316L stainless steel — workhorse material for sonic horn construction","AISI 316 \u002F 316L molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel is the workhorse material for industrial sonic-horn bells, diaphragms and mountings in moderate-temperature service.",[272],{"title":273,"url":274},"Wikipedia — Marine grade stainless","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMarine_grade_stainless","glossary\u002Faisi-316-316l-stainless","AISI 316 and 316L stainless steel","u56u16DGkPcwVS8Crs56ZEC6WpztlyjGjrGuf97rC6w",{"id":279,"title":112,"aliases":280,"body":284,"category":404,"description":405,"extension":121,"meta":406,"navigation":123,"path":111,"relatedTerms":407,"seo":411,"sources":414,"stem":421,"term":112,"__hash__":422},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn.md",[281,282,283],"bell-shaped horn","exponential bell horn","exponential horn",{"type":53,"value":285,"toc":399},[286,305,309,325,329,375,377],[56,287,288,289,292,293,295,296,299,300,304],{},"A ",[59,290,291],{},"bell horn"," is the conical or exponential flare bolted to the driver of an industrial ",[82,294,161],{"href":160},". Its job is to transform the high-impedance, small-area pressure pulse from the ",[82,297,298],{"href":165},"diaphragm"," or ",[82,301,303],{"href":302},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpiston-whistle-horn","piston-whistle"," into a lower-impedance, larger-area sound wave that couples efficiently into the gas inside the vessel.",[67,306,308],{"id":307},"why-the-geometry-matters","Why the geometry matters",[56,310,311,312,316,317,299,321,324],{},"The bell is not decorative. Its flare profile — usually exponential, sometimes catenoidal or tractrix — sets the horn's cut-off frequency: below the cut-off, the bell stops behaving as a horn and the radiated sound power collapses. A 60 Hz ",[82,313,315],{"href":314},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner"," therefore needs a physically larger bell than a 230 Hz unit, which is why low-frequency horns are noticeably bulkier and heavier. Mounting orientation, flange standard (",[82,318,320],{"href":319},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fflange-standards-dn-ansi","DN",[82,322,323],{"href":319},"ANSI 150",") and the bell's projection distance into the vessel are all selected to match the cleaning target geometry.",[67,326,328],{"id":327},"materials","Materials",[72,330,331,346,354],{},[75,332,333,336,337,341,342],{},[59,334,335],{},"Carbon steel"," for ambient-temperature mounting on cool-side ducts, ",[82,338,340],{"href":339},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos"," and ",[82,343,345],{"href":344},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers",[75,347,348,353],{},[59,349,350],{},[82,351,352],{"href":84},"316 stainless steel"," for corrosive or food-grade environments",[75,355,356,360,361,213,365,369,370,374],{},[59,357,358],{},[82,359,233],{"href":232}," for hot-side service above 350 °C, including ",[82,362,364],{"href":363},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR reactors",[82,366,368],{"href":367},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heater"," penthouses and ",[82,371,373],{"href":372},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery-boiler"," flue paths",[67,376,99],{"id":98},[72,378,379,384,388,393],{},[75,380,381],{},[82,382,383],{"href":160},"Sonic horn",[75,385,386],{},[82,387,256],{"href":165},[75,389,390],{},[82,391,392],{"href":302},"Piston-whistle horn",[75,394,395],{},[82,396,398],{"href":397},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-horn","Acoustic horn",{"title":114,"searchDepth":115,"depth":115,"links":400},[401,402,403],{"id":307,"depth":115,"text":308},{"id":327,"depth":115,"text":328},{"id":98,"depth":115,"text":99},"core-technology","A bell horn is the conical or exponential flare bolted to the driver of an industrial sonic horn. Its job is to transform the high-impedance, small-area pressure pulse from the diaphragm or piston-whistle into a lower-impedance, larger-area sound wave that couples efficiently into the gas inside the vessel.",{},[408,267,409,410],"sonic-horn","piston-whistle-horn","acoustic-horn",{"title":412,"description":413},"Bell horn — definition, geometry and role in acoustic cleaning","A bell horn is the conical or exponential flare that amplifies and projects sound from an industrial sonic horn's driver into the vessel being cleaned.",[415,418],{"title":416,"url":417},"Wikipedia — Horn (acoustic)","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHorn_(acoustic)",{"title":419,"url":420},"Power Magazine — The Theory and Application of Acoustic Cleaners","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.powermag.com\u002Fthe-theory-and-application-of-acoustic-cleaners\u002F","glossary\u002Fbell-horn","gKEabZrcxtpNiaEXB65PC50sPq3KHeDc-fyn9OvYp4I",1782613746540]